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      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000542",
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    "code": "ACC198",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Accounting",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational objective and a study of approaches to the selection and pursuit of career opportunities in the field. Variable hours.",
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    "id": "newriver-000004",
    "code": "ACC199",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
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    "code": "ACC211",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces accounting principles with respect to financial reporting. Demonstrates how decision makers use accounting information for reporting purposes. Focuses on the preparation of accounting information and its use in the operation of organizations, as well as methods of analysis and interpretation of accounting information. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000508",
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    "code": "ACC212",
    "title": "Principles of Accounting II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on the application of accounting information with respect to product costing, as well as its use within the organization to provide direction and to judge performance. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACC211"
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    "code": "ACC215",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Industry Credential Opportunity: QuickBooks Certified User Introduces the computer in solving accounting problems. Focuses on operation of computers. Presents the accounting cycle and financial statement preparation in a computerized system and other applications for financial and managerial accounting. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000542",
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      "newriver-000584"
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    "code": "ACC221",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces various accounting approaches and demonstrates the effect of these approaches on the financial statement users. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACC212"
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      "newriver-000508"
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    "id": "newriver-000009",
    "code": "ACC222",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACC212"
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      "newriver-000508"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13318",
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    "id": "newriver-000010",
    "code": "ACC231",
    "title": "Cost Accounting I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Includes cost control, profit analysis, and other topics. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACC212"
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      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000554"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13319",
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    "code": "ACC241",
    "title": "Auditing I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Studies internal control design and evaluation, evidence-gathering techniques and other topics. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000508"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13846",
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    "code": "ACC261",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: Federal Taxation - may test and be credentialed as Enrolled Agent with the IRS Presents the study of federal taxation as it relates to individuals and other tax entities. Includes tax planning, compliance and reporting. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000584"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13320",
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    "id": "newriver-000013",
    "code": "ACC290",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Accounting",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised on-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/work ratio 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
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      "newriver-000508"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13321",
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    "id": "newriver-000014",
    "code": "ACC297",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Accounting",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms coordinated by the Business and Technologies division dean. Is applicable to all occupational technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
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      "newriver-000508"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13322",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000015",
    "code": "ACC299",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Accounting",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
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      "newriver-000508"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13312",
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    "code": "ASL101",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, comprehension and production skills, and emphasizes basic sentence structure in American Sign Language with a focus on interactive communicative competence. Part I of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14129",
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    "id": "newriver-000017",
    "code": "ASL102",
    "title": "Beginning American Sign Language II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Part II of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ASL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14130",
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    "id": "newriver-000018",
    "code": "ADJ100",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents an overview of the United States criminal justice system; introduces the major system components-law enforcement, judiciary, and corrections. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000556"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13323",
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    "id": "newriver-000019",
    "code": "ADJ105",
    "title": "The Juvenile Justice System",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents the evolution, philosophy, structures and processes of the American juvenile delinquency system; surveys the rights of juveniles, dispositional alternatives, rehabilitation methods and current trends. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000557"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13324",
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    "id": "newriver-000020",
    "code": "ADJ110",
    "title": "Introduction to Law Enforcement",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies the philosophy and history of law enforcement, presenting an overview of the crime problem and policy response issues. Surveys the jurisdictions and organizations of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. Examines the qualification requirements and career opportunities in the law enforcement profession. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000556"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13326",
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    "id": "newriver-000021",
    "code": "ADJ116",
    "title": "Special Enforcement Topics",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Considers contemporary issues, problems, and controversies in modern law enforcement. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13328",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj116",
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    "id": "newriver-000022",
    "code": "ADJ120",
    "title": "Introduction to Courts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents an overview of the American judiciary-the federal and 50 state judicial systems-with emphasis on criminal court structures, functions, and personnel; surveys the judicial system in Commonwealth of Virginia. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000556"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13329",
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    "id": "newriver-000023",
    "code": "ADJ133",
    "title": "Ethics and the Criminal Justice Professional",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines ethical dilemmas pertaining to the criminal justice system, including those in policing, courts and corrections. Focuses on some of the specific ethical choices that must be made by the criminal justice professional. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13330",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj133",
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    "id": "newriver-000024",
    "code": "ADJ140",
    "title": "Introduction to Corrections",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on societal responses to the offender. Traces the evolution of practices based on philosophies of retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation. Reviews contemporary correctional activities and their relationships to other aspects of the criminal justice system. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000556"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13331",
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    "id": "newriver-000025",
    "code": "ADJ171",
    "title": "Forensic Science I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces student to crime scene technology, procedures for sketching diagramming and using casting materials. Surveys the concepts of forensic chemistry, fingerprint classification/identification and latent techniques, drug identification, hair and fiber evidence, death investigation techniques, thin-layer chromatographic methods, and arson materials examination. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000555"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13332",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000026",
    "code": "ADJ172",
    "title": "Forensic Science II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces student to crime scene technology, procedures for sketching diagramming and using casting materials. Surveys the concepts of forensic chemistry, fingerprint classification/identification and latent techniques, drug identification, hair and fiber evidence, death investigation techniques, thin-layer chromatographic methods, and arson materials examination. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000555"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13333",
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    "id": "newriver-000027",
    "code": "ADJ190",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Administration of Justice",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) Supervised on-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio maximum 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13334",
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    "id": "newriver-000028",
    "code": "ADJ199",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Administration of Justice",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG111",
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13335",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000029",
    "code": "ADJ201",
    "title": "Criminology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies current and historical data pertaining to criminal and other deviant behavior. Examines theories that explain crime and criminal behavior in human society. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000557"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14081",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000030",
    "code": "ADJ211",
    "title": "Criminal Law, Evidence and Procedures I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches the elements of proof for major and common crimes and the legal classification of offenses. Studies the kinds, degrees and admissibility of evidence and its presentation in criminal proceedings with emphasis on legal guidelines for methods and techniques of evidence acquisition. Surveys the procedural requirements from arrest to final disposition in the various American court systems with focus on the Virginia jurisdiction. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000555",
      "newriver-000557"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13336",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj211",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000031",
    "code": "ADJ212",
    "title": "Criminal Law, Evidence and Procedures II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches the elements of proof for major and common crimes and the legal classification of offenses. Studies the kinds, degrees and admissibility of evidence and its presentation in criminal proceedings with emphasis on legal guidelines for methods and techniques of evidence acquisition. Surveys the procedural requirements from arrest to final disposition in the various American court systems with focus on the Virginia jurisdiction. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13337",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj212",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000032",
    "code": "ADJ228",
    "title": "Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys the historical and current usage of narcotics and dangerous drugs. Teaches the identification and classification of such drugs and emphasizes the symptoms and effects on their users. Examines investigative methods and procedures utilized in law enforcement efforts against illicit drug usage. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13338",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj228",
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    "id": "newriver-000033",
    "code": "ADJ229",
    "title": "Community Policing in Modern Society",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the process through which community problems are identified and addressed by police departments in cooperation with the community. Considers current efforts by law enforcement officers to achieve an effective working relationship with the community. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13339",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj229",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/adj229.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000034",
    "code": "ADJ233",
    "title": "Multiculturalism in Policing",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the impacts of historical events and social changes on law enforcement. Evaluates the complexity of providing police services to multicultural communities. Develops sensitivity and understanding of diverse populations and communities of color. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000557"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14080",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/adj233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000035",
    "code": "ADJ236",
    "title": "Principles of Criminal Investigation",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys the fundamentals of criminal investigation procedures and techniques. Examines crime scene search, collecting, handling and preserving of evidence. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000555"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13341",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/adj236",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/adj236.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000036",
    "code": "AST101",
    "title": "Keyboarding I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches the alpha/numeric keyboard with emphasis on correct techniques, speed, and accuracy. Teaches formatting of basic personal and business correspondence, reports, and tabulation. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000579"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13387",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ast101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ast101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000037",
    "code": "AST102",
    "title": "Keyboarding II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Continues skill-building for speed and accuracy. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "AST101"
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      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000580"
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    "id": "newriver-000038",
    "code": "AST107",
    "title": "Editing/Proofreading Skills",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Develops skills essential to creating and editing business documents. Covers grammar, spelling, diction, punctuation, capitalization, and other usage problems. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543",
      "newriver-000580",
      "newriver-000581",
      "newriver-000583"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000039",
    "code": "AST117",
    "title": "Keyboarding for Computer Usage",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Teaches the alphabetic keyboard and 10-key pad. Develops correct keying techniques. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000554",
      "newriver-000584"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000040",
    "code": "AST132",
    "title": "Word Processing I-Microsoft Word",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Introduces students to a word processing program to create, edit, save, and print documents. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000041",
    "code": "AST133",
    "title": "Word Processing II-Microsoft Word",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Presents formatting and editing features of a word processing program. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000042",
    "code": "AST134",
    "title": "Word Processing III-Microsoft Word",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Continues work with formatting features and text enhancements of a word processing program. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000043",
    "code": "AST141",
    "title": "Word Processing I-Word",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "AST101"
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      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543",
      "newriver-000580",
      "newriver-000583"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000044",
    "code": "AST142",
    "title": "Word Processing II-Word",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches advanced software applications. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "AST141"
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      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13393",
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    "id": "newriver-000045",
    "code": "AST147",
    "title": "Presentation Software- PowerPoint",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "AST 147 Presentation Software- PowerPoint AST 147 Presentation Software- PowerPoint 1 credit(s) Introduces presentation options including slides, transparencies, and other forms of presentations. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13838",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000046",
    "code": "AST232",
    "title": "Microcomputer Office Applications",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Emphasizes document production to meet business and industry standard. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AST101"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543",
      "newriver-000581",
      "newriver-000583"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13394",
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    "id": "newriver-000047",
    "code": "AST234",
    "title": "Records and Database Management",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches filing and records management procedures using microcomputer database software. Incorporates both manual and electronic methods for managing information. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543",
      "newriver-000580"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14087",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000048",
    "code": "AST236",
    "title": "Specialized Software Applications",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Emphasizes document production to meet business and industry standards. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AST101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000523"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13395",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000049",
    "code": "AST243",
    "title": "Office Administration I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Emphasizes the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and job performance skills in a business office environment. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AST101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000580",
      "newriver-000581"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13396",
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    "id": "newriver-000050",
    "code": "AST244",
    "title": "Office Administration II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Emphasizes administrative and supervisory role of the office professional. Includes travel and meeting planning, office budgeting and financial procedures, international issues, and career development. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AST243"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13397",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000051",
    "code": "AST253",
    "title": "Advanced Desktop Publishing I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces specific desktop publishing software. Teaches document layout and design, fonts, type styles, style sheets, and graphics. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AST101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000543"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13398",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000052",
    "code": "AST290",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Administrative Support Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. On-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio maximum 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13399",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000053",
    "code": "AST297",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Administrative Support Technology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms coordinated by the faculty advisor. Is applicable to all occupational-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13400",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000054",
    "code": "AST299",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Administrative Support Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13401",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000055",
    "code": "AIR121",
    "title": "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Studies refrigeration theory, characteristics of refrigerants, temperature, and pressure, tools and equipment, soldering, brazing, refrigeration systems, system components, compressors, evaporators, metering devices. Presents charging and evaluation of systems and leak detection. Explores servicing the basic system. Explains use and care of oils and additives and troubleshooting of small commercial systems. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000571",
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13346",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/air121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/air121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000056",
    "code": "AIR122",
    "title": "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Studies refrigeration theory, characteristics of refrigerants, temperature, and pressure, tools and equipment, soldering, brazing, refrigeration systems, system components, compressors, evaporators, metering devices. Presents charging and evaluation of systems and leak detection. Explores servicing the basic system. Explains use and care of oils and additives and troubleshooting of small commercial systems. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13347",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/air122",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/air122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000057",
    "code": "AIR126",
    "title": "Electrical and Control Systems",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Presents trouble-shooting and servicing the electrical components of small refrigeration systems including basic electricity for refrigeration, electrical controls of refrigeration systems, electrical motors, motor control, motor starters, relays, overloads, instruments, and control circuits. This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13989",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/air126",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/air126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000058",
    "code": "AIR235",
    "title": "Heat Pumps",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete AIR 121 prior to enrolling in this course. Studies theory and operation of reverse cycle refrigeration systems as applied to air conditioning, including service, installation and maintenance. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13348",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/air235",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/air235.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000059",
    "code": "ARA101",
    "title": "Beginning Arabic I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. Part I of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13349",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ara101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ara101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000060",
    "code": "ARC121",
    "title": "Architectural Drafting I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces techniques of architectural drafting, including lettering, dimensioning, and symbols. Requires production of plans, sections, and elevations of a simple building. Studies use of common reference material and the organization of architectural working drawings. Requires development of a limited set of working drawings, including a site plan, related details, and pictorial drawings. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13982",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/arc121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/arc121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000061",
    "code": "ARC123",
    "title": "Architectural Graphics I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both ARC 121 and ARC 123. Introduces techniques of architectural communication including orthographic projection and sketching as well as 3-D views and modeling. Requires the manual production of plans, sections, elevations and 3-D views and models of a simple building. Includes dimensioning, detailing and rendering. An introduction to Resident and Commercial Revit. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13352",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/arc123",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/arc123.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000062",
    "code": "ART100",
    "title": "Art Appreciation",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment course only. Introduces art from prehistoric times to the present day. Describes architectural styles, sculpture, photography, printmaking, and painting techniques. Highlights major artists and key contributions from global and Western culture. Covers content chronologically and/or thematically. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13362",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000063",
    "code": "ART101",
    "title": "History of Art: Prehistoric to Gothic",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) ART 101 is not a Surveys the history and interpretation of architecture, painting and sculpture from the prehistoric era through the Gothic. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ART102"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13363",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000064",
    "code": "ART102",
    "title": "History of Art: Renaissance to Modern",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) ART 101 is not a Surveys the history and interpretation of architecture, painting and sculpture from the Renaissance through the modern era. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13364",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art102",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000065",
    "code": "ART121",
    "title": "Foundations of Drawing",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Develops basic drawing skills and understanding of visual language through studio instruction/lecture. Introduces concepts such as line, proportion, space, perspective, value and composition as applied to still life, landscape and figure. Uses drawing media such as pencil, charcoal and ink wash. Includes field trips and gallery assignments as appropriate. Lecture 1 hours. Studio Instruction 4 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13366",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000066",
    "code": "ART131",
    "title": "Two-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the elements and principles of design as applied to two-dimensional studio projects. Introduces two-dimensional media, techniques, compositional strategies, and color concepts and interactions. Supports conceptual development through introduction to historical and contemporary practices and critical analysis. May include field trips as required. Lecture 1 hour. Studio instruction 4 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13368",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art131",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000067",
    "code": "ART132",
    "title": "Three-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the elements and principles of design as applied to three-dimensional studio projects. Introduces three-dimensional media, techniques, compositional strategies, and color concepts and interactions. Supports conceptual development through introduction to historical and contemporary practices and critical analysis. May include field trips as required. Lecture 1 hour. Studio instruction 4 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000526"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13369",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art132",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art132.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000068",
    "code": "ART140",
    "title": "Introduction to Graphic Skills",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches basic studio skills and concepts. Emphasizes concept development and problem solving using traditional art materials and computer techniques. Uses current graphic software applications. Lecture 2 hours, Lab 3 hours, Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000527"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13370",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/art140",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/art140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000069",
    "code": "ART215",
    "title": "History of Modern Art",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys the history of modern architecture, sculpture, painting and graphic arts in representational and non-representational forms. Focuses on the periods and movements that influenced the arts of the twentieth century as well as the influence of modernism on contemporary art. The assignments in the course require the reading of scholarly articles and research-based writing. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "description": "4 credit(s) Nursing students: This course must have been completed within 10 years prior to acceptance to the nursing program. Continues study of anatomy and physiology including endocrine system, blood and cardiovascular system, lymphatic system and immunity, respiratory system, urinary system, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, digestive system and nutrient metabolism, reproductive system, and prenatal development. Part II of II. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
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    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14025",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chm246",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chm246.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000129",
    "code": "CHM260",
    "title": "Introductory Biochemistry",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Includes study of macromolecules, metabolic pathways, and biochemical genetics. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CHM112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000535"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14128",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chm260",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chm260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000130",
    "code": "CHD118",
    "title": "Language Arts for Young Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students in this class should have functional literacy in the English language and read on a 12th grade level. Emphasizes the early development of children’s language and literacy skills. Presents techniques and methods for supporting all aspects of early literacy. Surveys children’s literature, and examines elements of promoting oral literacy, print awareness, phonological awareness, alphabetic principle, quality storytelling and story reading. Addresses strategies for intervention and support for exceptional children and English Language Learners. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13463",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd118",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd118.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000131",
    "code": "CHD120",
    "title": "Introduction to Early Childhood Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Functional literacy in the English language; reading at the 12th grade level. Students majoring in Early Childhood are strongly encouraged to complete this course prior to enrolling in any other CHD courses. Introduces early childhood development through activities and experiences in early childhood, pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and primary programs. Investigates classroom organization and procedures, and use of classroom time and materials, approaches to education for young children, professionalism, and curricular procedures. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000560",
      "newriver-000561"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13464",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd120",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000132",
    "code": "CHD125",
    "title": "Creative Activities for Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete CHD 120 prior to enrolling in this course. Prepares individuals to work with young children in the arts and other creative age-appropriate activities. Investigates affective classroom experiences and open-ended activities. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13465",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000133",
    "code": "CHD145",
    "title": "Teaching Art, Music, and Movement to Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on children’s exploration, play, and creative expression in the areas of art, music, and movement. Emphasis will be on developing strategies for using various open-ended media representing a range of approaches in creative thinking. Addresses strategies for intervention and support for exceptional children and English Language Learners. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000560"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14333",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd145",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd145.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000134",
    "code": "CHD146",
    "title": "Math, Science, and Social Studies for Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides experiences in content, methods, and materials for the development of math, science, and social studies skills in children. Emphasis will be on developing strategies for using various resources to facilitate children’s construction of knowledge. Addresses strategies for intervention and support for all children. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14334",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd146",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd146.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000135",
    "code": "CHD164",
    "title": "Working with Infants and Toddlers in Inclusive Settings",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines developmental and behavioral principles and practices and how these provide the most developmentally suitable curriculum and learning environment for very young children. Includes working with very young children with typical development, as well as those who are gifted, or have developmental delays or disabilities. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000561"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13895",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd164",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd164.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000136",
    "code": "CHD165",
    "title": "Observation and Participation in Early Childhood/Primary Settings",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Focuses on observation as the primary method for gathering information about children in early childhood settings. Emphasizes development of skills in the implementation of a range of observation techniques. Includes minimum 30 hours of field placement in early learning setting. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000560",
      "newriver-000561"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13974",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd165",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd165.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000137",
    "code": "CHD166",
    "title": "Infant and Toddler Programs",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students in this class should have functional literacy in the English language and read on a 12th grade level. Examines the care and education of infants and toddlers from birth to 36 months in group settings. Focuses on development in the physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and language domains and other factors related to working with infants/toddlers and their families. Emphasizes the importance of the environment and relationships for healthy brain development during the child’s first three years of life. Investigates regulatory standards for infant/toddler care giving. Lecture 3 hours per week. 3 .",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000561"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13466",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd166",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd166.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000138",
    "code": "CHD205",
    "title": "Guiding the Behavior of Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students in this class should have functional literacy in the English language and read on a 12th grade level. Emphasizes social development and guidance. Presents practices that are respectful and meet the emotional needs of individual children. Addresses strategies for communicating expectations, promoting prosocial behaviors, preventing, and minimizing behavioral challenges through careful planning of the learning environment, curriculum, and teacher guidance. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000560"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13467",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd205",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000139",
    "code": "CHD210",
    "title": "Introduction to Exceptional Children",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students in this class should have functional literacy in the English language and read on a 12th grade level. Reviews the history of and legal requirements for providing intervention and educational services for young children with special needs. Studies the characteristics of children with a diverse array of needs and developmental abilities. Explores concepts of early intervention, inclusion, guiding behavior and adapting environments to meet children’s needs. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000537"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13468",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd210",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000140",
    "code": "CHD216",
    "title": "Early Learning, Family, Community and Social Change",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores methods of developing positive, effective partnerships with families to enhance their developmental goals for children. Describes risk and protective factors and identifies community resources. Considers culture and other diverse needs, perspectives, and abilities of families and educators. Emphasizes advocacy and public policy awareness as an important role of early childhood educators. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000538"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14125",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd216",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd216.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000141",
    "code": "CHD265",
    "title": "Advanced Observation and Participation in Early Childhood/Primary Settings",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Focuses on implementation of activity planning and observation of children through participation in early childhood settings. Emphasizes responsive teaching practices and assessment of children’s development. Reviews legal and ethical implications of working with children. Supports the student in creating a professional educational portfolio. Includes minimum 30 hours of field placement in early learning setting. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13970",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd265",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000142",
    "code": "CHD270",
    "title": "Administration of Childcare Programs",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete CHD 120 and CHD 125 prior to enrolling in this course. Examines the skills needed for establishing and managing early childhood programs. Emphasizes professionalism and interpersonal skills, program planning, staff selection and development, creating policies, budgeting, and developing forms for record keeping. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13469",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chd270",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chd270.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000143",
    "code": "CHI101",
    "title": "Beginning Chinese I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13471",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chi101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chi101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000144",
    "code": "CHI102",
    "title": "Beginning Chinese II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills; emphasizes basic Chinese sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CHI101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13841",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/chi102",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/chi102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000145",
    "code": "CST100",
    "title": "Principles of Public Speaking",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Applies theory and principles of public address with an emphasis on preparation and on the extemporaneous method of delivery. The assignments in the course require college-level reading and analysis of scholarly studies and coherent communication through written reports, including the production of at least one APA/MLA-formatted individual writing assignment. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000538",
      "newriver-000557",
      "newriver-000591"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13485",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cst100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cst100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000146",
    "code": "CST130",
    "title": "Introduction to the Theatre",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys the principles of drama, the development of theatre production, and selected plays to acquaint the student with various types of theatrical presentations. This is a Passport and UCGS Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13981",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cst130",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cst130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000147",
    "code": "CST137",
    "title": "Oral Interpretation",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies the theory of practice of performing various types of literature: prose, poetry, and drama. Emphasizes the relationship among the oral interpreter, the literary work, and the audience. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13489",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cst137",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cst137.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000148",
    "code": "CAD111",
    "title": "Technical Drafting I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 111 and DRF 111. Introduces technical drafting from the fundamentals through advanced drafting practices. Teaches lettering, metric construction, technical sketching, orthographic projection, sections, intersections, development, fasteners, theory and applications of dimensioning and tolerances. Includes pictorial drawing, and preparation of working and detailed drawings. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13844",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad111",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000149",
    "code": "CAD120",
    "title": "Introduction to Graphic Representation",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 120 and DRF 120. Teaches use of instruments, lettering, sketching, and drawing conventions. Emphasizes legible drawings and the value of presentation. Exposes students to both 2-D and 3-D graphics and video presentation software. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000567"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13441",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad120",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000150",
    "code": "CAD127",
    "title": "Introduction to Geometric Dimensions and Tolerancing",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 127 and DRF 127. Presents an overview of a positional tolerance system, its relationship to coordinate tolerance systems, and other aspects of industry standard drafting practices. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000566",
      "newriver-000567"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13953",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad127",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000151",
    "code": "CAD135",
    "title": "Electrical/Electronic Blueprint Reading",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Presents an interpretation of basic shop drawings, conventional symbols, terminology, and principles used by the mechanical draftsman. Explains common electrical and electronic symbols, wiring diagrams, schematic drawing, and application of wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, and application of wiring diagrams. (Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 135 and DRF 135.) Lecture 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000585",
      "newriver-000588",
      "newriver-000590",
      "newriver-000593"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14126",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad135",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000152",
    "code": "CAD140",
    "title": "Technical Drawing",
    "credits": 151,
    "hours": 151,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Enhances the principles learned that are related directly to the field of drafting and design. Gives a more in-depth exposure to detail and working drawings, dimensioning, tolerancing and conventional drafting practices. Teaches CAD modeling, may include parametric modeling. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CAD120",
      "CAD151",
      "DRF140"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000567"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13442",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad140",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000153",
    "code": "CAD151",
    "title": "Engineering Drawing Fundamentals I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Engineering Design Technology and Advanced Manufacturing Technology students: CAD 151 is recommended as a first semester class. Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 151 and DRF 151. Introduces technical drafting from the fundamentals through advanced drafting practices. Includes lettering, geometric construction, technical sketching, orthographic projection, sections, intersections, development, fasteners. Teaches theory and application of dimensioning and tolerances, pictorial drawing, and preparation of drawings. Part I of II. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 7 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000567",
      "newriver-000594"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13443",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad151",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000154",
    "code": "CAD152",
    "title": "Engineering Drawing Fundamentals II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 152 and DRF 152. Introduces technical drafting from the fundamentals through advanced drafting practices. Includes lettering, geometric construction, technical sketching, orthographic projection, sections, intersections, development, fasteners. Teaches theory and application of dimensioning and tolerances, pictorial drawing, and preparation of drawings. Part II of II. NOTE: This course includes a course fee. These fees ensure this program has the equipment, supplies, and materials needed to provide students with quality educational experiences. Course fees are charged in addition to standard tuition and will appear on your SIS student account bill. Federal and state financial aid may be applied toward these course fees. More information can be found online at Course Fees - VCCS . Course fee calculator Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 7 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000567"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13444",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad152",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000155",
    "code": "CAD197",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Computer Aided Drafting and Design",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) Provides on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms. Applies to all career-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13447",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad197",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad197.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000156",
    "code": "CAD198",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Engineering Design Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational objective and a study of approaches to the selection and pursuit of career opportunities in the field. Variable hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000546"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13849",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/cad198",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/cad198.md"
  },
  {
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    "code": "CAD199",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Engineering Design Technology",
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    "id": "newriver-000158",
    "code": "CAD202",
    "title": "Computer Aided Drafting and Design II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) This course uses AUTOCAD and Inventor software applications. Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 202 and DRF 202. Teaches production drawings and advanced operations in computer aided drafting. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
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      "CAD151",
      "CAD152",
      "DRF202"
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      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000566"
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    "code": "CAD203",
    "title": "Computer Aided Drafting and Design III",
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    "hours": 202,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches advanced CAD applications. Includes customization and/or use of advanced software. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
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      "CAD202",
      "DRF203"
    ],
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      "newriver-000515"
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    "code": "CAD211",
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      "newriver-000515"
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    "code": "CAD212",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000515"
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    "code": "CAD231",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both CAD 231 and DRF 231. Teaches computer aided drafting concepts and equipment designed to develop a general understanding of components and operate a typical CAD system. Lecture 1 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "code": "CAD241",
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      "DRF241"
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      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000566"
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    "hours": 152,
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      "CAD152",
      "DRF242"
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      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000566"
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    "code": "CAD280",
    "title": "Design Capstone Project",
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    "hours": 241,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "CAD151",
      "CAD152",
      "CAD202",
      "CAD241",
      "DRF280"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515"
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    "code": "CAD297",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) Provides on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms. Applies to all career-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours per week.",
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    "code": "CAD298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Engineering Design Technology",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000546"
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    "title": "Supervised Study in Engineering Design Technology",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13450",
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      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558",
      "newriver-000573",
      "newriver-000574"
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    "code": "CSC205",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on multi-level machine organization. Uses a simple assembler language to complete programming projects. Includes processors, instruction, execution, addressing techniques, data representation and digital logic. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CSC221"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13484",
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    "code": "CSC208",
    "title": "Introduction to Discrete Structures",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces discrete mathematics concepts in relation to computer science. Applies the use of Boolean algebra, analysis of algorithms such as logic, sets and functions, recursive algorithms, and recurrence relations, combinatorics, graphs, and trees. Assignments in this course require a basic understanding of programming concepts, problem solving, basic college algebra and trigonometry skills. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14011",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/csc208.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000172",
    "code": "CSC215",
    "title": "Computer Systems",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores the representation of instructions and data, memory organization/structure, structure of a CPU, programming hierarchy and operating system interactions. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CSC221"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14054",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/csc215",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/csc215.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000173",
    "code": "CSC221",
    "title": "Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: In-person, online Semesters: Fall, Spring, Summer Additional Notes: Covers Python programming using Visual Studio Code. Emphasis on troubleshooting, terminal commands, standard libraries, functions, conditional logic, and loops. Includes parsing external data. Final project deliverable: Students pitch, develop, and present an original program suitable for portfolio use. Introduces problem solving and implementation of solutions using a high level programming language in a structured programming environment. Includes concepts and practice of structured programming, problem-solving, top-down design of algorithms, a high level programming language syntax, control structures, arrays, and an introduction into object oriented programming. First course in a three-course sequence (CSC 221, CSC 222 , CSC 223 ). The assignments in this course require mathematical problem solving skills, algebraic modeling and functions, and use of variables. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000559",
      "newriver-000574"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14008",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/csc221",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/csc221.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000174",
    "code": "CSC222",
    "title": "Object-Oriented Programming",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: In-person, online Semesters: Fall, Spring Additional Notes: Focus on Java programming using IntelliJ IDEA. Emphasizes object-oriented concepts including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Students use Git/GitHub for version control. Includes four major programming projects. Introduces the concepts and techniques of object-oriented programming to students with a background in procedural programming and problem solving. Uses a high-level computer language to illustrate and implement the topics. Second course in a three-course sequence ( CSC 221 , CSC 222, CSC 223 ). Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CSC221",
      "CSC223"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000574"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14009",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/csc222",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/csc222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000175",
    "code": "CSC223",
    "title": "Data Structures and Analysis of Algorithms",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Investigates implementations of different data structures for efficient searching, sorting, and other transformer operations. Third course in a three-course sequence ( CSC 221 , CSC 222 , CSC 223). Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CSC222"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14010",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/csc223",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/csc223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000176",
    "code": "DSL111",
    "title": "Introduction to Diesel Engine",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Studies the modern diesel engine, including its fuel, cooling, induction, and exhaust systems. Covers construction, fabrication, maintenance, tune-up, and minor repair and adjustment. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000536"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13492",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/dsl111",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/dsl111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000177",
    "code": "ECO150",
    "title": "Economic Essentials: Theory and Application",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents a broad overview of microeconomic and macroeconomic theory with application to current economic situations. Introduces concepts, policies, and theories in addition to models of domestic and global economies. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000508"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13992",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/eco150",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/eco150.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000178",
    "code": "ECO201",
    "title": "Principles of Macroeconomics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Note: Students with an intended major at Virginia Tech in Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise may choose PSY 200 as an alternative to ECO 201. Presents the fundamental macroeconomic concepts, theories, and issues including the study of scarcity and opportunity cost, supply and demand, national economic growth, inflation, recession, unemployment, fiscal and monetary policies, and international trade. Develops an appreciation of how these economic concepts apply to consumer, business, and government decisions, and their effect on the overall economy. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13494",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/eco201",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/eco201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000179",
    "code": "ECO202",
    "title": "Principles of Microeconomics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Note: Students with an intended major at Virginia Tech in Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise may choose PSY 216 , PSY 230 or SOC 200 as an alternative to ECO 202. Presents the fundamental microeconomic concepts, theories, and issues including the study of scarcity and opportunity cost, supply and demand, elasticities, marginal revenues and costs, profits, production and distribution. Develops an appreciation of how these economic concepts apply to consumer and business decisions, and their effect on the individual. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13495",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/eco202",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/eco202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000180",
    "code": "EDU156",
    "title": "Single Parent Families",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Discusses issues surrounding single-parent families and the causal factor including separation, divorce, death, and teenage pregnancies. Explores the effects on both the parent and the child. Familiarizes students with services available in the community which support the single-parent family. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13496",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu156",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu156.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000181",
    "code": "EDU198",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Dual Enrollment only May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13497",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu198",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu198.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000182",
    "code": "EDU200",
    "title": "Foundations of Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Successful completion of 24 credits of transfer courses or departmental approval for students accepted into Virginia’s Teachers for Tomorrow program. Explores the foundational topics related to education. Emphasizes the historical, philosophical, social, legal, ethical, and professional aspects of teaching. This course requires a practicum with a minimum of 20 hours of observation in a K-12 setting. Lecture 3 hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13914",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu200",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000183",
    "code": "EDU204",
    "title": "Teaching in a Diverse Society",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Develops an understanding of similar and unique characteristics of PreK-12 students and their families, including culture, race, ethnicity, religion, language and learning abilities, gender socializations and sexual orientation. This course requires a practicum with a minimum of 20 hours of observation in a K-12 setting. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EDU200"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14062",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu204",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000184",
    "code": "EDU206",
    "title": "Classroom and Behavioral Management",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Emphasizes methods for managing the diverse needs of students in order to promote a positive learning environment. Addresses how to establish and communicate expectations for effective instruction. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EDU200"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14076",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu206",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000185",
    "code": "EDU207",
    "title": "Human Growth and Development",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides an overview of the physical, intellectual, cognitive, language, social, and emotional development of human beings from birth to death, with a focus on birth to adolescence. Emphasizes how hereditary and environmental influences impact the development of the whole child. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14072",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu207",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu207.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000186",
    "code": "EDU235",
    "title": "Health, Safety, and Nutrition Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on the health, safety, and nutritional needs of children and developmentally appropriate methods to meet these needs. Emphasizes children’s well-being through mindful practices that address health and hygiene, nutrition and feeding routines, childhood diseases, and safety issues. Discusses strategies to promote the mental and physical well-being of children, as well as procedures for reporting child abuse. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000560",
      "newriver-000561"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14332",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/edu235",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/edu235.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000187",
    "code": "EDU250",
    "title": "Foundations of Exceptional Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Includes the study of characteristics of individuals with exceptionalities and the influence of culture and environment on development. Focuses on models, theories, and trends in special education. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EDU200"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
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      "EDU200"
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      "newriver-000530"
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    "code": "EDU287",
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    "hours": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14339",
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    "code": "ELE111",
    "title": "Home Electric Power I",
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    "hours": null,
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000562"
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    "hours": null,
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000562"
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    "code": "ELE113",
    "title": "Electricity I",
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      "newriver-000562"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000562"
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    "code": "ELE138",
    "title": "National Electrical Code Review I",
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      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000563",
      "newriver-000587"
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    "code": "ELE148",
    "title": "Power Distribution Systems",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000513"
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    "code": "ELE149",
    "title": "Wiring Methods in Industry",
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      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
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      "newriver-000592"
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    "code": "ELE158",
    "title": "Surface Mount Soldering",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000548"
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    "code": "ELE176",
    "title": "Introduction to Alternative Energy Including Hybrid Systems",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000585",
      "newriver-000593"
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    "code": "ELE177",
    "title": "Photovoltaic Energy Systems",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13514",
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    "id": "newriver-000200",
    "code": "ELE211",
    "title": "Electrical Machines I",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ETR114"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000588"
    ],
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    "id": "newriver-000201",
    "code": "ELE212",
    "title": "Electrical Machines II",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ETR114"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513"
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    "id": "newriver-000202",
    "code": "ELE216",
    "title": "Industrial Electricity",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies rotating devices, single phase and polyphase distribution, magnetic devices, circuits and systems for industrial applications. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13968",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000203",
    "code": "ELE217",
    "title": "Electric Power Utilities",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Provides an introduction to the electric power utilities field. Examines the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Lecture 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000588"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13955",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ele217.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000204",
    "code": "ELE233",
    "title": "Programmable Logic Controller Systems I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Covers analog and digital interfacing and communication schemes as they apply to system. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ETR113"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000586",
      "newriver-000588"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13518",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ele233",
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    "id": "newriver-000205",
    "code": "ELE239",
    "title": "Programmable Controllers",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: Siemens Automation Fundamentals Examines installation, programming, interfacing, and concepts of troubleshooting programmable controllers. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000590"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13848",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ele239",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ele239.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000206",
    "code": "ELE246",
    "title": "Industrial Robotics Programming",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) This course is cross-listed with IND 246. Credit will not be awarded for both. Introduces industrial robotics and their programming for repetitive manufacturing systems. Includes the design of software that ensures safe operation and programming of both on- and off-line robot operations. Lecture 2 hours, Lab 2 hours, Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000590",
      "newriver-000594"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13519",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ele246",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ele246.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000207",
    "code": "ELE297",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Electrical Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms coordinated by the division chair. Is applicable to all occupational-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13520",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ele297.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000208",
    "code": "ELE298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Electrical Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13521",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ele298",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ele298.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000209",
    "code": "ETR113",
    "title": "D.C. & A.C. Fundamentals I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunities: 504 Meter Certification 525 Meter Certification 596 Meter Certification Studies D.C. and A.C. circuits, basic electrical components, instruments, network theorems, and techniques used to predict, analyze and measure electrical quantities. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000549",
      "newriver-000553",
      "newriver-000562",
      "newriver-000563",
      "newriver-000572",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000585",
      "newriver-000587",
      "newriver-000589",
      "newriver-000592",
      "newriver-000593"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13550",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/etr113",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/etr113.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000210",
    "code": "ETR114",
    "title": "D.C. & A.C. Fundamentals II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) C. and A.C. circuits, basic electrical components, instruments, network theorems, and techniques used to predict, analyze and measure electrical quantities. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ETR113"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000549",
      "newriver-000572",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000586",
      "newriver-000587",
      "newriver-000590"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13551",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/etr114",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/etr114.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000211",
    "code": "ETR167",
    "title": "Logic Circuits and Systems",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Includes concepts of fundamental microprocessor operation and interface circuitry. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH131"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000586",
      "newriver-000588",
      "newriver-000589"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13552",
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    "id": "newriver-000212",
    "code": "ETR180",
    "title": "Industrial Ethernet Networking",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the theory and implementation of digital and communications systems. Features OSI model and plant floor networks. May include optical, wireless, satellite and other communications systems. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hour. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000519"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13988",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000213",
    "code": "ETR197",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Electronics Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised in on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms coordinated by the dean. Is applicable to all occupational-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/ work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000214",
    "code": "ETR199",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Electronics Technology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000215",
    "code": "ETR203",
    "title": "Electronic Devices I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to have knowledge of D.C./A.C. theory. Studies active devices and circuits such as diodes, power supplies, transistors, amplifiers, and other devices. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000563",
      "newriver-000586",
      "newriver-000588",
      "newriver-000589",
      "newriver-000593"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13557",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000216",
    "code": "ETR231",
    "title": "Principles of Lasers and Fiber Optics I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunities: 504 Meter Certification 525 Meter Certification 596 Meter Certification Teaches the theory and application of lasers and fiber optics. Includes optics, fiber optic cables and connectors, photo detectors, optical pulse generation, sensors, multiplexers, lasers, gas lasers, semiconductor lasers, laser safety and laser test instruments. May include preparation of a report as an out-of-class activity. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000514"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13558",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000217",
    "code": "ETR241",
    "title": "Electronic Communications I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunities: 504 Meter Certification 525 Meter Certification 596 Meter Certification Studies noise, information and band width, modulation and demodulation, transmitters and receivers, wave propagation, antennas and transmission lines. Includes broad band communication systems, microwave, both terrestrial and satellite, fiber optics, multiplexing and associated hardware. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000586"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13559",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/etr241",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/etr241.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000218",
    "code": "ETR297",
    "title": "Cooperative Education in Electronics Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervised in on-the-job training for pay in approved business, industrial and service firms coordinated by the dean. Is applicable to all occupational-technical curricula at the discretion of the college. Credit/ work ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13554",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/etr297",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000219",
    "code": "ETR298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Electronics Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational courses and a study of approaches to the selection and pursuit of career opportunities in the field. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000514"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13565",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/etr298",
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    "code": "ETR299",
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    "hours": null,
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    "code": "EMS100",
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    "description": "1 credit(s) Provides instruction in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation that meets current Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation education for Healthcare Providers. Equivalent to HLT 105 . Lecture 1 hour per week.",
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    "code": "EMS111",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Technician",
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    "hours": null,
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    "title": "Emergency Medical Technician - Clinical",
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    "code": "EMS123",
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    "hours": null,
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    "code": "EMS163",
    "title": "Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS)",
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    "code": "EMS164",
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    "hours": null,
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    "code": "EMS165",
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    "code": "EMS167",
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    "code": "EMS170",
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    "code": "EMS180",
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    "code": "EMS181",
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    "code": "EMS184",
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      "newriver-000544"
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    "code": "EMS185",
    "title": "Advanced Trauma Care",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Lecture 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000544"
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    "code": "EMS186",
    "title": "Advanced Trauma Care Laboratory",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Laboratory 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000544"
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    "code": "EMS210",
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    "code": "EMS212",
    "title": "Leadership and Professional Development",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Focuses on the development of leadership within the field of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), topics include civic engagement, personal wellness, resource management, ethical considerations in leadership and research. Lecture 1 hour. Total 1 hour per week.",
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      "newriver-000524"
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    "code": "EMS216",
    "title": "Paramedic Review",
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    "description": "1 credit(s) Provides the student with intensive review for the practical and written portions of the National Registry Paramedic exam. May be repeated once, for credit. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000524"
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    "id": "newriver-000240",
    "code": "EMS221",
    "title": "Paramedic Cardiovascular Care",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "id": "newriver-000241",
    "code": "EMS222",
    "title": "Paramedic Cardiovascular Care Laboratory",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Develops competency in basic dysrhythmia recognition and overall cardiac patient care. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14103",
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    "code": "EMS223",
    "title": "Paramedic Patient Care I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers the breadth of medical and trauma conditions as outlined by the National Emergency Medical Service Education Standards (NEMSES) for Paramedics. Part I of II. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000524"
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    "code": "EMS224",
    "title": "Paramedic Patient Care I Laboratory",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14105",
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    "id": "newriver-000244",
    "code": "EMS225",
    "title": "Paramedic Patient Care II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Covers the depth of medical and trauma conditions as outlined by the National Emergency Medical Service Education Standards (NEMSES) for Paramedics. Part II of II. Lecture 5 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14107",
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    "code": "EMS226",
    "title": "Paramedic Patient Care Laboratory II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Covers the skills related to the depth of medical and trauma conditions as outlined by the National Emergency Medical Service Education Standards (NEMSES) for Paramedics. Part II of II. Laboratory 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14108",
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    "code": "EMS241",
    "title": "Paramedic Internship I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Introduces students to live patient assessment and management in the clinical and field setting. Begins a continuum of learning involving live patients that leads to entry-level competence at the paramedic level. Part I of II. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14106",
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    "code": "EMS246",
    "title": "Paramedic Internship II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Introduces students to live patient assessment and management in the clinical and field set. Continues the learning experience with live patients that leads to entry-level competence at the paramedic level. Part II of II. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14109",
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    "code": "EMS249",
    "title": "Paramedic Capstone Internship",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Provides summative evaluation of the Paramedic student in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000524"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14118",
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    "code": "EGR121",
    "title": "Foundations of Engineering",
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG111",
      "MTH162",
      "MTH167"
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    "program_ids": [
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      "newriver-000532"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13990",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000250",
    "code": "EGR122",
    "title": "Engineering Design",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Applies engineering methods to a semester-long team design project with an emphasis on engineering software involving 2D and 3D computer aided design; data modeling and analysis; and iterative programming solutions. Covers design drawings and dimensioning; spreadsheet software usage; mathematical scripting language; and professional practices. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EGR121"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
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      "newriver-000532"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13991",
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    "code": "EGR125",
    "title": "Introduction to Computer Programming for Engineers",
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14055",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/egr125.md"
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    "code": "EGR206",
    "title": "Engineering Economics",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents economic analysis of engineering alternatives. Studies economic and cost concepts, calculation of economic equivalence, comparison of alternatives, replacement economy, economic optimization in design and operation, depreciation, and after tax analysis. Lecture 3 hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000531"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13976",
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    "code": "EGR231",
    "title": "Mass Energy Balances",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the field of chemical engineering and how material and energy balances are applied to chemical processes, and physical and thermodynamic properties of multi-component systems. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH264",
      "EGR121",
      "CHM112"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000531"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14074",
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    "code": "EGR232",
    "title": "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Examines energy conservation; concepts of equilibrium, temperature, energy, and entropy; partial molar properties; pure component and mixture equations of state; processes involving energy transfer as work and heat; reversibility and irreversibility; and closed and open systems and cyclic processes. Lecture 3 hours. Total of 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH265",
      "EGR231"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000531"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14075",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/egr232",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/egr232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000255",
    "code": "EGR240",
    "title": "Statics",
    "credits": null,
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces basic concepts of engineering mechanics, systems of forces and couples, equilibrium of particles and rigid bodies, and internal forces and analysis of structures, including SI and U.S. customary units. Includes trusses, frames, machines, beams, distributed forces, friction, and centroids. Lecture 3 hours. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "EGR245",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents approach to kinematics and kinetics of particles (and systems of particles) in linear and curvilinear motion. Includes kinematics and kinetics of rigid bodies in plane motion. Teaches Newton’s second law, work-energy, and impulse-momentum methods. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EGR240"
    ],
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "EGR246",
    "title": "Mechanics of Materials",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces concepts of stress, strain, deformation, internal equilibrium, and basic properties of engineering materials. Analyzes axial loads, torsion, bending, shear and combined loading. Studies stress transformation, principal stresses, and buckling. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EGR240"
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "EGR270",
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      "EGR121",
      "EGR125",
      "CSC221"
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "EGR271",
    "title": "Electric Circuits",
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      "MTH264",
      "EGR121"
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "EGR272",
    "title": "Electric Circuits II",
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      "MTH267",
      "EGR271"
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      "newriver-000531"
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    "code": "ENG108",
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      "newriver-000550"
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    "code": "ENG112",
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      "newriver-000569"
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      "newriver-000562"
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    "code": "ENG116",
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "ENG212",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students write in forms to be selected from poetry, fiction, drama, and essays. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "ENG225",
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14026",
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    "code": "ENG245",
    "title": "British Literature",
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14017",
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    "code": "ENG246",
    "title": "American Literature",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
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    "id": "newriver-000270",
    "code": "ENG250",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on analysis of texts for literary qualities and audience. Develops critical thinking and interpretive skills through close reading, discussion, and analysis of literary texts. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course . Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000530"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13540",
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    "id": "newriver-000271",
    "code": "ENG255",
    "title": "World Literature",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines literary texts across a variety of cultures, genres, and time periods. Develops critical thinking and interpretive skills through close reading, discussion, and analysis of literary texts from around the world in their historical, cultural, social, and/or literary contexts. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course . Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14020",
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    "code": "ENG258",
    "title": "African American Literature",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores the stories African American authors tell about themselves, their communities, and the world. Examines common and diverging themes within African American literary traditions through the study of diverse authors, genres, and literary movements from a variety of time periods. Emphasizes interpretive and critical analysis skills developed through close reading and consideration of historical and cultural contexts. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14028",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000273",
    "code": "ENG261",
    "title": "Advanced Creative Writing I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13543",
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    "id": "newriver-000274",
    "code": "ENG275",
    "title": "Women in Literature",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines literary texts by women writers from diverse time periods, genres, and authors. Develops skills of close reading and literary analysis through analysis of texts within their historical, cultural, social, and/or literary contexts. Explores how women’s experiences have shaped their literary contributions, the cultural forces affecting their lives, and how they have used writing to shape their cultures. Lecture 3 hours. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course . Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14027",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000275",
    "code": "ENG278",
    "title": "Appalachian Literature",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Involves critical reading and writing. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENG112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13546",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000276",
    "code": "EDE10",
    "title": "English Composition Preparation",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides academic skills and support for introductory composition. Students will identify and apply academic skills including critical reading, writing, thinking, and research. Upon successful completion of EDE 10, instructors recommend enrollment in EDE 11 / ENG 111 or ENG 111 or ENG 115 /ENG 131. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13993",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ede10",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000277",
    "code": "EDE11",
    "title": "English Composition Readiness",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Students will identify and apply academic skills including critical reading, writing, thinking, and introductory research. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13994",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ede11",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000278",
    "code": "ENV121",
    "title": "Foundations of Environmental Science",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Focuses on basic physical, chemical, and biological principles with an emphasis on the interactions between humans and the environment. Assignments require college-level reading fluency, coherent written and oral communication, and basic mathematical skills. Intended for students not majoring in science. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course. Can be taken by itself or before or after ENV 122. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14089",
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    "id": "newriver-000279",
    "code": "FIN107",
    "title": "Personal Finance",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents a framework of personal money management concepts, including establishing values and goals, determining sources of income, managing income, preparing a budget, developing consumer buying ability, using credit, understanding savings and insurance, providing for adequate retirement, and estate planning, Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13566",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/fin107",
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    "id": "newriver-000280",
    "code": "FIN215",
    "title": "Financial Management",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) It is strongly recommended that students take BUS 226 , MTH 132 , and ACC 211 first. Introduces basic financial management topics including statement analysis, working capital, capital budgeting, and long-term financing. Focuses on Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return techniques, lease vs. buy analysis, and Cost of Capital computations. Uses problems and cases to enhance skills in financial planning and decision making. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000510"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13567",
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    "id": "newriver-000281",
    "code": "FRE101",
    "title": "Beginning French I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic French sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13568",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000282",
    "code": "FRE102",
    "title": "Beginning French II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FRE101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13569",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/fre102",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000283",
    "code": "FRE201",
    "title": "Intermediate French I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Continues to develop cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, and introduces complex sentence structures. Classes may be conducted in target language. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FRE102"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13570",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/fre201",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000284",
    "code": "FRE202",
    "title": "Intermediate French II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Continues to develop understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. French is used in the classroom. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FRE102"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13571",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000285",
    "code": "GEO210",
    "title": "People and the Land: An Introduction to Cultural Geography",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides an introduction to themes in human geography and the ways in which human geographers study spatial relationships in the world. Emphasizes geospatial tools and concepts to examine global patterns of human demographics, culture, geopolitics, and economic and environmental interdependence through introduction to a broad range of subject matter. This is a Passport Transfer and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13572",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/geo210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000286",
    "code": "GEO220",
    "title": "World Regional Geography",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines similarities and differences among the world’s major regions. Evaluates ways in which people and places interact across space and time to produce particular spatial and environmental patterns. Introduces the student to geographic tools such as maps. This is a Passport Transfer and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13950",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/geo220",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/geo220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000287",
    "code": "GOL105",
    "title": "Physical Geology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
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    "hours": null,
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
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      "GER101"
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    "code": "HLT100",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: First Aid/CPR Focuses on the principles and techniques of safety, first aid, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000511"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13605",
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    "code": "HLT105",
    "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000544",
      "newriver-000564"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
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    "title": "Introduction to Personal and Community Health",
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    "hours": null,
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000511"
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    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000516"
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    "code": "HLT143",
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    "code": "HLT144",
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    "code": "HLT160",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Course Only. Studies the relationships between health and fitness. Topics include nutrition, disease prevention, weight control, smoking and health, medical care, aerobic and anaerobic conditioning, and the relationship between physical and mental health. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
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    "code": "HLT228",
    "title": "Introduction to Public Health",
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    "code": "HLT230",
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13611",
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    "code": "HIM111",
    "title": "Medical Terminology I",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the student to the language used in the health record. Includes a system-by-system review of anatomic disease, and operative terms, abbreviations, radiography procedures, laboratory tests, and pharmacology terms. Part I of II. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000564",
      "newriver-000569",
      "newriver-000579",
      "newriver-000581"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13580",
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    "code": "HIM112",
    "title": "Medical Terminology II",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Continues with focus on the language used in the health record. Includes a system-by-system review of anatomic disease, and operative terms, abbreviations, radiography procedures, laboratory tests, and pharmacology terms. Part II of II. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000579",
      "newriver-000581"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13581",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/him112",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/him112.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000303",
    "code": "HIM163",
    "title": "Anatomy and Physiology for Administrative Health Professionals",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HIM111"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000580"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13585",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/him163",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/him163.md"
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    "code": "HIM233",
    "title": "Electronic Health Records Management",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies new trends in management and processing of health information with emphasis on the electronic health record (EHR). Covers the definition, benefits, standards, functionality, confidentiality and security, and impact of the EHR in the healthcare environment. Explores implementation of the EHR including infrastructure required, project management techniques, information technology systems, workflow processes and redesign in various health care settings. Discusses legal issues created by implementation of the EHR. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000579",
      "newriver-000581"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13589",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/him233",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/him233.md"
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    "id": "newriver-000305",
    "code": "HIM253",
    "title": "Health Records Coding",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the development of coding classification systems. Introduces ICD-9-CM coding classification system, its format and conventions. Stresses basic coding steps and guidelines according to body systems. Provides actual coding exercises in relation to each system covered. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000579"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13590",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/him253",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/him253.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000306",
    "code": "HIM254",
    "title": "Advanced Coding and Reimbursement",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Stresses advanced coding skills through practical exercises using actual medical records. Introduces CPT-4 coding system and guidelines for out-patient/ambulatory surgery coding. Introduces prospective payment system and its integration with ICD-CM-9 coding. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000579"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13591",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/him254.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000307",
    "code": "HIM290",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Health Information Management",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Supervises on-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13592",
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    "code": "HIS101",
    "title": "Western Civilizations Pre-1600 CE",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the development of western civilization from ancient times to 1600 CE. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535",
      "newriver-000540"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13593",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his101.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000309",
    "code": "HIS102",
    "title": "Western Civilizations Post-1600 CE",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the development of western civilization from 1600 CE to the present. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000540"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13594",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his102",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his102.md"
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    "id": "newriver-000310",
    "code": "HIS121",
    "title": "United States History to 1877",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the history of the United States from its origins to 1877. Includes the European exploration, development of the American colonies and their institutions, the Revolution, major political, social and economic developments, geographical expansion, the Civil War, and Reconstruction This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535",
      "newriver-000540"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13597",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000311",
    "code": "HIS122",
    "title": "United States History Since 1865",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the history of the United States from 1865 to present. Includes major political, social and economic developments since 1865, overseas expansion, the two world wars, the Cold War and the post-Cold War era. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000540"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13598",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000312",
    "code": "HIS266",
    "title": "Military History of the Civil War",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Analyzes military campaigns of the Civil War, including factors contributing to the defeat of the Confederacy and problems created by the war. May include field trips to Civil War sites in the region. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13599",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his266",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000313",
    "code": "HIS267",
    "title": "The Second World War",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines causes and consequences of the Second World War. Includes the rise of totalitarianism, American neutrality, military developments, the home fronts, diplomacy, and the decision to use the atomic bomb. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13600",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his267",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his267.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000314",
    "code": "HIS277",
    "title": "The American Experience in Vietnam",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Analyzes American involvement in Vietnam from World War I through the Nixon and Ford years. Includes Roosevelt’s plan of trusteeship, the Geneva Conference, the American military role, and the search for peace. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13601",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his277",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000315",
    "code": "HIS279",
    "title": "Age of the American Revolution",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the factors that led to the separation of the American Britain colonies from Great Britain. Covers the Revolutionary War, the problems faced by the revolutionary government, and postwar events that led to the adoption the United States Constitution. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13602",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his279",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his279.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000316",
    "code": "HIS281",
    "title": "History of Virginia",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores the cultural, economic, political, and religious history of Virginia from pre-contact to the present. Includes diverse perspectives to emphasize the significant contributions different groups of people (African Americans, Indigenous Peoples, European-Americans, Women) made to the history of Virginia, the colonies, and the United States. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13603",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/his281",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/his281.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000317",
    "code": "HMS100",
    "title": "Introduction to Human Services",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete this course prior to enrolling in any other HMS course. Introduces human services agencies, roles and careers. Presents a historical perspective of the field as it relates to human services today. Additional topics include values clarification and needs of target populations. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000538",
      "newriver-000591"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13614",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/hms100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/hms100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000318",
    "code": "HMS121",
    "title": "Basic Counseling Skills I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete HMS 100 prior to enrolling in this course. Develops skills needed to function in a ing relationship. Emphasizes skills in attending, listening and responding. Clarifies personal skill strength, deficits and goals for skill improvement. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000538",
      "newriver-000591"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13615",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/hms121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/hms121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000319",
    "code": "HMS141",
    "title": "Group Dynamics I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete HMS 100 prior to enrolling in this course. Examines the stages of group development, group dynamics, the role of the leader in a group, and recognition of the various types of group processes. Discusses models of group dynamics that occur as a result of group membership dynamics. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000538",
      "newriver-000591"
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    "title": "The Helper as a Change Agent",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "HMS 227 The er as a Change Agent HMS 227 The er as a Change Agent 3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete HMS 100 prior to enrolling in this course. Teaches the following skills for implementing alternative models of change and influence: action research, problem-solving, consultation, workshop development, and outreach and advocacy for diverse client populations. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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    "title": "Gerontology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete HMS 100 prior to enrolling in this course. Examines the process of aging; its implications in relation to health, recreation, education, transportation, meaningful work or activity, and to community resources. Emphasizes experiencing the aging process, facilitating retirement, and application of the ing relationship to work with older adults. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000538"
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    "code": "HMS251",
    "title": "Substance Use Treatment I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete HMS 100 prior to enrolling in this course. Provides knowledge, skills, and insight for working in substance use programs. Emphasizes personal growth and client growth measures in ing relationships. Stresses various methods of individual and group techniques for ing the individual with substance use disorder. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000538"
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    "code": "HMS290",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Human Services",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or May be repeated for credit. Supervised on-the-job training in selected business, industrial, or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Variable hours.",
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    "code": "HUM201",
    "title": "Early Humanities",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Only. Examines the values and expression of ideas of selected western and non-western cultures from prehistory up to the 1300s, integrating the arts, literature, religion, and philosophy within the context of history. The assignments in this course require college-level reading, analysis of scholarly studies, and coherent communication through properly cited and formatted written reports. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "id": "newriver-000325",
    "code": "HUM259",
    "title": "The Greek and Roman Tradition",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Only. Explores the significance of Greek and Roman cultures on the individual and society, expressed prominently from the Classical Age in Athens to its survival during Roman times. Examines the key contributions that the Greeks and Romans have imparted upon storytelling, theater, philosophy, civics, political morphology, and the arts and the impact they have in the modern world. The assignments in this course require college-level reading, analysis of scholarly studies, and coherent communication through properly cited and formatted written reports. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "id": "newriver-000326",
    "code": "ITD110",
    "title": "Web Page Design I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Fall, Spring Additional Notes: Focus on HTML5 and CSS for creating standards-compliant web pages. Topics include markup structure, page layout, the Document Object Model (DOM), and user experience principles. Stresses a working knowledge of web site designs, construction, and management using HTML or XHTML. Course content includes headings, lists, links, images, image maps, tables, forms, and frames. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000574"
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    "id": "newriver-000327",
    "code": "ITD112",
    "title": "Designing Web Page Graphics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Spring Additional Notes: Hands-on experience with Photoshop and Figma for designing web graphics, emails, banners, and social media content. Emphasizes layout design, image optimization, and visual communication for developers working in web and digital environments. Explores the creation of digital graphics for web design. Basic design elements such as color and layout will be explored utilizing a computer graphics program(s). Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13632",
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    "id": "newriver-000328",
    "code": "ITD132",
    "title": "Structured Query Language",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Spring Incorporates a working introduction to commands, functions and operators used in SQL for extracting data from standard databases. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13986",
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    "code": "ITD256",
    "title": "Advanced Database Management",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Fall Additional Notes: Advanced database concepts using MySQL/MariaDB and MySQL Workbench. Topics include views, triggers, stored procedures, indexing, normalization, and transaction control. Final project deliverable: Students pitch, develop, and present a database focused on a real-world application. Focuses in-depth instruction in the handling of critical tasks of planning and implementing large databases. Includes an introduction to concepts of advanced data warehousing and database configuration. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000574"
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    "id": "newriver-000330",
    "code": "ITE105",
    "title": "Careers and Cyber Ethics",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Career paths in Information Technology will be explored to the student determine the appropriate degree plan. Career paths will include but not be limited to software development, computer science, database, networking, system administration and operations, end user support, web design, and management. The student will learn ethical concerns in business and information technology including the AMC Code of Ethics. Lecture 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000331",
    "code": "ITE141",
    "title": "Microcomputer Software: Spreadsheets-Excel",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Provides first-time users with sufficient information to make practical use of spreadsheet software using the basics of building spreadsheets. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000332",
    "code": "ITE151",
    "title": "Microcomputer Software: Database Management-Access",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Presents first-time users with sufficient information to make practical use of database management software using the basics of building databases. Covers specific business applications. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "newriver-000333",
    "code": "ITE152",
    "title": "Introduction to Digital and Information Literacy and Computer Applications",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: In-person, online Semesters: Fall, Spring, Summer Additional Notes: Windows or Mac computer required. Chromebooks are not compatible with some software used in the in course. NRCC computer labs available for student use in Dublin and Christiansburg. Develops understanding of digital and information literacy. Introduces basic computer concepts in hardware, software, cyber, cloud, database, and operating systems. Includes hands-on experience developing word processing, spreadsheet and presentation documents. Evaluates the reliability of sources. Covers creating a simple web page. Examines topics such as social, legal, and ethical issues. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
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      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000515",
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      "newriver-000555",
      "newriver-000556",
      "newriver-000562",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000591"
    ],
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    "id": "newriver-000334",
    "code": "ITE200",
    "title": "Technology for Teachers (TSIP)",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides K-12 classroom teachers with the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill the Commonwealth of Virginia’s Technology Standards for Instructional Personnel. Students will finish the course with a solid understanding of educational technology, including how to use computers, how to access information on the World Wide Web, and how to integrate computers and educational technology into classroom curriculum. Students will learn how to base technology integration decisions on contemporary learning theories. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13639",
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    "id": "newriver-000335",
    "code": "ITN101",
    "title": "Introduction to Network Concepts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: CCST 100-150 - Cisco Certified Support Technician Course Delivery Options: In-person Semesters: Fall and Spring Students should take this in their first semester of course study. Provides instruction in networking media, physical and logical topologies, common networking standards and popular networking protocols. Course content emphasizes the TCP/IP protocol suite and related IP addressing schemes, including CIDR. Course content also includes selected topics in network implementation, support and LAN/WAN connectivity. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558",
      "newriver-000573"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13640",
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    "id": "newriver-000336",
    "code": "ITN106",
    "title": "Microcomputer Operating Systems",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: CompTIA A+ (Core 1) Course Delivery Options: In-person Semesters: Fall Teaches use of operating system utilities and multiple-level directory structures, creation of batch files, and configuration of microcomputer environments. May include a study of graphical user interfaces. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558",
      "newriver-000573"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13641",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/itn106.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000337",
    "code": "ITN107",
    "title": "Personal Computer Hardware and Troubleshooting",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: CompTIA A+ (Core 2) Course Delivery Options: In-person Semesters: Spring Includes specially designed instruction to give students a basic knowledge of hardware and software configurations. It includes the installation of various peripheral devices as well as basic system hardware components. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13642",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/itn107.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000338",
    "code": "ITN170",
    "title": "Linux System Administration",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Fall and Summer Focuses instruction on the installation, configuration and administration of the Linux operating system and emphasizes the use of Linux as a network client and workstation. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13855",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000339",
    "code": "ITN200",
    "title": "Administration of Network Resources",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: CompTIA Network+ Students should take ITN 101 before attempting this course. Course Delivery Options: In-Person Semesters: Spring Focuses on the management of local area network servers. Teaches proper structuring of security systems. Explains print queues, disk management, and other local area network (LAN) issues. Presents concerns and issues for the purchase and installation of hardware and software upgrades. Can be taught using any network operating system or a range of operating systems as a delivery tool. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000559"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13856",
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  },
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    "id": "newriver-000340",
    "code": "ITN254",
    "title": "Virtual Infrastructure: Installation and Configuration",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Explores concepts and capabilities of virtual architecture with a focus on the installation, configuration, and management of a virtual infrastructure, ESX Server, and Virtual Center. Covers fundamentals of virtual network design and implementation, fundamentals of storage area networks, virtual switching, virtual system management, and engineering for high availability. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13972",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000341",
    "code": "ITN257",
    "title": "Cloud Computing: Infrastructure and Services",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: AZ-900 - Microsoft Azure Fundamentals Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Spring and Summer Focuses on cloud infrastructure, deployment, security models, and the key considerations in migrating to cloud computing. Covers the technologies and processes required to build traditional, virtualized, and cloud data center environments, including computation, storage, networking, desktop and application virtualization, business continuity, security, and management. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000559"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13973",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/itn257.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000342",
    "code": "ITN260",
    "title": "Network Security Basics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: CCST 100-160 - Cisco Certified Support Technician (CCST) Cybersecurity This should be the first security course students take. Typically, in their first semester. The sequence of ITN security courses are suggested as ITN 260 ( Fall) , ITN 261 (Spring), ITN 262 ( Fall) , and ITN 266 ( Spring). Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Fall Provides instruction in the basics of network security in depth. Course content includes security",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000558"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13644",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000343",
    "code": "ITN261",
    "title": "Network Attacks, Computer Crime and Hacking",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) This should be the second security course that Cybersecurity students take in the NRCC Cybersecurity program. Course Delivery Options: In-Person, Hyflex Semesters: Spring Encompasses in-depth exploration of various methods for attacking and defending a network. Explores network security concepts from the viewpoint of hackers and their attack methodologies. Includes topics about hackers, attacks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) malicious code, computer crime and industrial espionage. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000559"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13645",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000344",
    "code": "ITN262",
    "title": "Network Communication, Security and Authentication",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) This should be the third security course that Cybersecurity students take in the NRCC Cybersecurity program. Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Fall Covers an in-depth exploration of various communication protocols with a concentration on TCP/IP. Explores communication protocols from the point of view of the hacker in order to highlight protocol weaknesses. Includes Internet architecture, routing, addressing, topology, fragmentation and protocol analysis, and the use of various utilities to explore TCP/IP. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000559"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13857",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/itn262.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000345",
    "code": "ITN266",
    "title": "Network Security Layers",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course Delivery Options: Online Semesters: Spring Provides an in-depth exploration of various security layers needed to protect the network. Explores Network Security from the viewpoint of the environment in which the network operates and the necessity to secure that environment to lower the security risk to the network. Includes physical security, personnel security, operating system security, software security and database security. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ITN262"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13858",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000346",
    "code": "ITP140",
    "title": "Client Side Scripting",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Pre- or Students work in Visual Studio Code and learn browser troubleshooting tools. Final project deliverable: Students pitch, develop, and present a client-side application for portfolio use. Provides instruction in fundamentals of Internet application design, development, and deployment using client side scripting language(s). Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000573",
      "newriver-000574"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13951",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000347",
    "code": "ITP150",
    "title": "Python Programming",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Entails instruction in fundamentals of object-oriented programming using Python. Emphasizes program construction, algorithm development, coding, debugging, and documentation of Python applications. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13987",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000348",
    "code": "ITP225",
    "title": "Web Scripting Languages",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Additional Notes: Comprehensive full-stack web development using HTML/CSS, JavaScript, ReactJS, NodeJS, and MongoDB. Covers MVC and microservices architecture, third-party APIs, OAuth, and cloud deployment to services like Firebase and Back4App. Includes Git/GitHub versioning. Final project deliverable: Students pitch, develop, and present a deployed full-stack application for portfolio use. Introduces students to the principles, systems, and tools used to implement Web applications. Provides students with a comprehensive introduction to the programming tools and skills required to build and maintain interactive Web sites. Students will develop Web applications utilizing client-side and server-side scripting languages along with auxiliary tools needed for complete applications. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ITD110",
      "ITP100",
      "CSC221"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13952",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/itp225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000349",
    "code": "ITP240",
    "title": "Server Side Programming",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000583"
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000583"
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    "id": "newriver-000368",
    "code": "LGL216",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000583"
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    "code": "LGL290",
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    "code": "LGL299",
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    "program_ids": [],
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000372",
    "code": "MAC106",
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      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000571",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000576"
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    "id": "newriver-000373",
    "code": "MAC107",
    "title": "Technology of Machining",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "8 credit(s) Offer practice in bench work, sawing, drilling, lathe, milling, grinding, and precision measuring instruments. May require solutions of related problems and preparation of weekly laboratory reports. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 15 hours. Total 18 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000551",
      "newriver-000572",
      "newriver-000576"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000374",
    "code": "MAC121",
    "title": "Numerical Control I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on numerical control techniques in metal forming and machine processes. Includes theory and practice in lathe and milling machine computer numerical control program writing, setup and operation. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000576"
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    "code": "MAC122",
    "title": "Numerical Control II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Focuses on numerical control techniques in metal forming and machine processes. Includes theory and practice in lathe and milling machine computer numerical control program writing, setup and operation. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000545",
      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000576"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000376",
    "code": "MAC151",
    "title": "Machine Tool Maintenance",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14338",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000377",
    "code": "MAC181",
    "title": "Machine Blueprint Reading I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces reading and interpreting blueprints and working drawings. Applies visualization of objects, sketching, and machine terminology. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000551",
      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000576"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13681",
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    "id": "newriver-000378",
    "code": "MAC182",
    "title": "Machine Blueprint Reading II",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces reading and interpreting blueprints and working drawings. Applies visualization of objects, sketching, and machine terminology. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000551",
      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000576"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13682",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000379",
    "code": "MAC215",
    "title": "Machining Techniques",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "8 credit(s) Teaching milling lathe operations, precision grinding, production tooling, and machine tool attachments. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 15 hours. Total 18 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13683",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000380",
    "code": "MAC217",
    "title": "Precision Machining Techniques",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "8 credit(s) Teaches precision layout, machining techniques, high precision grinding, measuring tool calibration, and inspection procedures. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 15 hours. Total 18 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000381",
    "code": "MAC250",
    "title": "Advanced Computer Aided Manufacturing",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Focuses on advanced computer aided manufacturing with emphasis on CAD-CAM interfacing, advanced 3-D, and advanced turning. Introduces quality control inspection using coordinate measuring systems, statistical process controls and digitizers. Teaches basic and advanced fabrication programming and flexible manufacturing systems. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
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    "program_ids": [
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      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000549"
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    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mac250",
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    "id": "newriver-000382",
    "code": "MAC298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Machine Technology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational",
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000549"
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      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000577"
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    "code": "MKT209",
    "title": "Sports, Entertainment, and Recreation Marketing",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment course only. Builds on the principles of marketing to introduce the more specific importance and specialization of Sports, Entertainment and Recreation (SER) marketing. Emphasizes the SER industries as they relate to the economics, business structure, product development, branding, pricing strategies, distribution strategies, integrated communications, ethics, and research. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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    "code": "MTH111",
    "title": "Basic Technical Mathematics",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000551",
      "newriver-000552",
      "newriver-000575"
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    "code": "MTH130",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Reasoning",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000511",
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      "newriver-000539",
      "newriver-000569"
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    "code": "MTH131",
    "title": "Technical Mathematics",
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    "hours": null,
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      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000515",
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      "newriver-000553",
      "newriver-000562",
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      "newriver-000567",
      "newriver-000585",
      "newriver-000587",
      "newriver-000589"
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    "id": "newriver-000388",
    "code": "MTH132",
    "title": "Business Mathematics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides instruction, review, and drill in percentage, cash and trade discounts, mark-up, payroll, sales, property and other taxes, simple and compound interest, bank discounts, loans, investments, and annuities. This course is intended for occupational/technical programs. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000542",
      "newriver-000584"
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    "code": "MTH154",
    "title": "Quantitative Reasoning",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Information Technology students may choose MTH 161 or MTH 167 or MTH 263 as an alternative. Students should confirm math requirement at 4-year institution. Excel spreadsheets used extensively. Strongly recommend Students have completed or co-enroll in ITE 152 to acquire the computer application skills necessary for the course. Presents topics in proportional reasoning, modeling, financial literacy and validity studies (logic and set theory). Focuses on the process of taking a real-world situation, identifying the mathematical foundation needed to address the problem, solving the problem and applying what is learned to the original situation. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH161",
      "MTH167",
      "MTH263",
      "ITE152"
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      "newriver-000515",
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      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000522",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000567"
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    "code": "MTH155",
    "title": "Statistical Reasoning",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Credit will not be awarded for both MTH 155: Statistical Reasoning and MTH 245 : Statistics I or equivalent. Students should confirm math requirement at four-year transfer institution. ADJ students: See advisor for transfer math options. Presents elementary statistical methods and concepts including visual data presentation, descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation and linear regression. Emphasis is placed on the development of statistical thinking, simulation, and the use of statistical software. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000533"
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    "code": "MTH161",
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      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000513",
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      "newriver-000528",
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      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000567"
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    "code": "MTH162",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents trigonometry, trigonometric applications including Law of Sines and Cosines and an introduction to conics. Credit will not be awarded for both MTH 162 and MTH 167 or equivalent. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "MTH161",
      "MTH167"
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      "newriver-000529"
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    "code": "MTH167",
    "title": "PreCalculus with Trigonometry",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Presents topics in power, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions, systems of equations, trigonometry, and trigonometric applications, including Law of Sines and Cosines, and an introduction to conics. Credit will not be awarded for both MTH 167 and MTH 161 / MTH 162 or equivalent. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 5 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH161",
      "MTH162"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000525",
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      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000529",
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      "newriver-000534"
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    "code": "MTH245",
    "title": "Statistics I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents an overview of statistics, including descriptive statistics, elementary probability, probability distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation, and linear regression. Credit will not be awarded for both MTH 155 and MTH 245 or equivalent in the same academic plan. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course . Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "MTH154",
      "MTH161",
      "MTH155"
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      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
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      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535"
    ],
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    "code": "MTH246",
    "title": "Statistics II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Course Only Continues the study of estimation and hypothesis testing with emphasis on advanced regression topics, experimental design, analysis of variance, chi-square tests and non-parametric methods. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH245"
    ],
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    "code": "MTH261",
    "title": "Applied Calculus I",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Students should determine requirement of 4-year transfer institution prior to selection. Both MTH 261 and MTH 262 are required at Virginia Tech for majors in the Pamplin College of Business. Introduces limits, continuity, differentiation and integration of algebraic, exponential and logarithmic functions, and techniques of integration with an emphasis on applications in business, social sciences and life sciences. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH161",
      "MTH262"
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      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
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      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535"
    ],
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    "id": "newriver-000397",
    "code": "MTH262",
    "title": "Applied Calculus II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers techniques of integration, an introduction to differential equations and multivariable calculus, with an emphasis throughout on applications in business, social sciences and life sciences. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH261"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13930",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mth262",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mth262.md"
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    "id": "newriver-000398",
    "code": "MTH263",
    "title": "Calculus I",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Presents concepts of limits, derivatives, differentiation of various types of functions and use of differentiation rules, application of differentiation, antiderivatives, integrals and applications of integration. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH167",
      "MTH161",
      "MTH162"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534"
    ],
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    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mth263",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mth263.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000399",
    "code": "MTH264",
    "title": "Calculus II",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Continues the study of calculus of algebraic and transcendental functions including rectangular, polar, and parametric graphing, indefinite and definite integrals, methods of integration, and power series along with applications. Features instruction for mathematical, physical and engineering science programs. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH263"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13932",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mth264",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000400",
    "code": "MTH265",
    "title": "Calculus III",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Focuses on extending the concepts of function, limit, continuity, derivative, integral and vector from the plane to the three dimensional space. Covers topics including vector functions, multivariate functions, partial derivatives, multiple integrals and an introduction to vector calculus. Features instruction for mathematical, physical and engineering science programs. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH264"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13933",
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    "id": "newriver-000401",
    "code": "MTH266",
    "title": "Linear Algebra",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers matrices, vector spaces, determinants, solutions of systems of linear equations, basis and dimension, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. Features instruction for mathematical, physical and engineering science programs. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH263",
      "MTH264"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000531"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13934",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000402",
    "code": "MTH267",
    "title": "Differential Equations",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces ordinary differential equations. Includes first order differential equations, second and higher order ordinary differential equations with applications and numerical methods. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH264"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000531"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13935",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mth267",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mth267.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000403",
    "code": "MTH288",
    "title": "Discrete Mathematics",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents topics in sets, counting, graphs, logic, proofs, functions, relations, mathematical induction, Boolean Algebra, and recurrence relations. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH263"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13936",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mth288",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000404",
    "code": "MDE10",
    "title": "Introduction to Algebra",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers topics in arithmetic through introduction to variables and equations. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000539"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13995",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mde10",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mde10.md"
  },
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    "id": "newriver-000405",
    "code": "MDE54",
    "title": "Learning Support for Quantitative Reasoning",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course will review foundational topics through direct instruction, guided practice, and individualized support. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13997",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mde54",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000406",
    "code": "MDE55",
    "title": "Learning Support for Statistical Reasoning",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course will review foundational topics through direct instruction, guided practice, and individualized support. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13998",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mde55",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mde55.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000407",
    "code": "MDE60",
    "title": "Intermediate Algebra",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers topics in algebra. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13996",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mde60",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mde60.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000408",
    "code": "MDE61",
    "title": "Learning Support for Pre-Calculus",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Course will review foundational topics through direct instruction, guided practice, and individualized support. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13999",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mde61",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mde61.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000409",
    "code": "MEC122",
    "title": "3D Printing for Engineering Design",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides an overview of rapid technologies in Additive Manufacturing that are high productivity tools designed to cut lead times, reduce time to market, increase the quality of the product, and improve collaboration within the organization. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000566",
      "newriver-000567"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13686",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mec122",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mec122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000410",
    "code": "MEC155",
    "title": "Mechanisms",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Studies the purpose and actions of cams, gear trains, levers, and other mechanical devices used to transmit control. Focuses on motions, linkages, velocities, and acceleration of points within a link mechanism; layout method for designing cams and gear grain. Requires preparation of weekly laboratory reports. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000549",
      "newriver-000563",
      "newriver-000571",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000586",
      "newriver-000590",
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13687",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mec155",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mec155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000411",
    "code": "MEC225",
    "title": "Metallurgy",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches fundamentals of metallurgy, grain size, effect on carbon content, and hardness testing devices. Tests different alloys to determine the effect of heat treatment. Laboratory 1 hour. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000520"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14337",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mec225",
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    "id": "newriver-000412",
    "code": "MEC298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Mechanical Engineering Technology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational objective and a study of approaches to the selection and pursuit of career opportunities in the field. This course follows the completion of the 1st semester of the Advanced Manufacturing Curriculum and is taken in conjunction with the 2nd semester of Advanced Manufacturing. Students should contact the program head prior to registration. Variable hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13688",
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    "id": "newriver-000413",
    "code": "MUS101",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Music",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides the ability to read and identify basic fundamentals of music notation. Teaches major and minor scales, chords and basic harmonic progressions. Covers basic ear training and keyboard exercises. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14002",
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    "id": "newriver-000414",
    "code": "MUS121",
    "title": "Music in Society",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores the language of music through an introduction to basic elements, forms and styles across time. Acquaints students with composers’ lives and influential creative individualities, discovering representative works and milestones in western society. Develops techniques for listening analytically and critically. Reviews historical development and significance of art music within the context of evolving societal structures. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13740",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mus121",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/mus121.md"
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    "id": "newriver-000415",
    "code": "MUS221",
    "title": "History of Western Music Prior to 1750",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents the chronology of musical styles and significant composers from Antiquity through the Pre-Classical era. Relates the development of music from a socio-historical perspective including parallel movements within the arts. Develops techniques for listening analytically and critically to music. MUS 221 and 222 may transfer as the same course. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13742",
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    "id": "newriver-000416",
    "code": "MUS222",
    "title": "History of Western Music 1750 to Present",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents the chronology of musical styles and significant composers from the Classical Period through the Modern era. Relates the development of music from a socio-historical perspective including parallel movements within the arts. Develops techniques for listening analytically and critically to music. MUS 221 and 222 may transfer as the same course. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000530"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13743",
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    "id": "newriver-000417",
    "code": "MUS225",
    "title": "The History of Jazz",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Studies the underlying elements of jazz, concentrating on the socio-cultural and historical development from earliest stages to the present. Explores key figures and significant works instrumental in the development and evolution of jazz. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13744",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/mus225",
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    "id": "newriver-000418",
    "code": "MUS226",
    "title": "World Music",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Explores music emanating from cultural traditions around the world within their respective socio-cultural contexts. Introduces basic elements of music. Increases global awareness and enhances knowledge of the origins, evolution, aesthetics and purposes of music from an ethnomusicological perspective. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14003",
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    "id": "newriver-000419",
    "code": "NAS125",
    "title": "Meteorology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Presents a non-technical survey of fundamentals meteorology. Focuses on the effects of weather and climate on humans and their activities. Serves for endorsement or recertification of earth science teachers. Lecture 3 hours per week. Recitation and laboratory 2 hours per week. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13745",
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    "code": "NSG100",
    "title": "Introduction to Nursing Concepts",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Focuses on basic nursing concepts with an emphasis on safe nursing practice and the development of the nursing process. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or simulated environments. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO141"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13915",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg100.md"
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    "id": "newriver-000421",
    "code": "NSG106",
    "title": "Competencies for Nursing Practice",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Emphasizes the use of clinical judgment in skill acquisition. Includes principles of safety, evidence-based practice, informatics and math computational skills. Prepares students to demonstrate competency in specific skills and drug dosage calculation including the integration of skills in the care of clients in simulated settings. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or simulated environments. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO141"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13916",
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    "code": "NSG115",
    "title": "Healthcare Concepts for Transition",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Focuses on role transition from Licensed Practical Nurse to Registered professional nurse. Incorporates concepts of nursing practice and conceptual learning to promote health and wellness across the lifespan. Uses the nursing process to explore care delivery for selected diverse populations with common and predictable illness. Emphasizes the use of clinical judgement in skill acquisition. Lecture 3 hours. Lab 6 hours. Total 9 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO141",
      "BIO142",
      "ENG111",
      "PSY230",
      "SDV100"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
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    "id": "newriver-000423",
    "code": "NSG130",
    "title": "Professional Nursing Concepts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Focuses on professional identity, legal/ethical issues and contemporary trends in professional nursing. Lecture 1 hour. Total 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO141"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13917",
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    "id": "newriver-000424",
    "code": "NSG152",
    "title": "Health Care Participant",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Covers concepts that focus on client attributes and preferences regarding healthcare. Emphasizes population-focused care. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or cooperating agencies, and/or simulated environments. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO142",
      "NSG100",
      "NSG106",
      "NSG130",
      "NSG200"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13918",
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    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000425",
    "code": "NSG170",
    "title": "Health/Illness Concepts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "6 credit(s) Includes concepts of nursing care for the antepartum client and clients with common and predictable illnesses. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or simulated environments. Lecture 4 hours, Laboratory 6 hours. Total 10 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO142",
      "BIO232",
      "NSG100",
      "NSG106",
      "NSG130",
      "NSG200"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13919",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg170",
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  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000426",
    "code": "NSG200",
    "title": "Health Promotion and Assessment",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Includes assessment of infants, children, adults, geriatric clients and pregnant females. Emphasizes health history and the acquisition of physical assessment skills with underlying concepts of development, communication, and health promotion. Prepares students to demonstrate competency in the assessment of clients across the lifespan. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/ community settings, and/or simulated environments. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO141"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13920",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg200",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000427",
    "code": "NSG210",
    "title": "Health Care Concepts I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Emphasizes the nursing process in the development of clinical judgment for clients with multiple needs. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or simulated environments. Part I of II. Lecture 3 hours, Laboratory 6 hours. Total 9 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO150",
      "NSG152",
      "NSG170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13921",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg210",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000428",
    "code": "NSG211",
    "title": "Health Care Concepts II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Emphasizes the nursing process in the development of clinical judgment for clients with multiple needs. Provides supervised learning experiences in college nursing laboratories, clinical/community settings, and/or simulated environments. Part II of II. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 9 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIO150",
      "NSG152",
      "NSG170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13922",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg211",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000429",
    "code": "NSG230",
    "title": "Advanced Professional Nursing Concepts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Introduces leadership and management concepts and focuses on the integration of professional behaviors in a variety of healthcare settings. Lecture 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NSG210",
      "NSG211"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13923",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg230",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000430",
    "code": "NSG252",
    "title": "Complex Health Care Concepts",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Emphasizes clinical judgment, patient-centered care and collaboration. Lecture 4 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NSG210",
      "NSG211"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13924",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg252",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg252.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000431",
    "code": "NSG270",
    "title": "Nursing Capstone",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Emphasizes the mastery of patient- centered care, safety, nursing judgment, professional behaviors, informatics, quality improvement, and collaboration in the achievement of optimal",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NSG210",
      "NSG211"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13925",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg270",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nsg270.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000432",
    "code": "NUR27",
    "title": "Nurse Aide I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "5 credit(s) Upon successful completion of this course, students are eligible to sit for the competency evaluation required by the Virginia Board of Nursing in order to be placed on the nurse aide registry. Teaches care of older patients with emphasis on the social, emotional, and spiritual needs of geriatric patients; procedures; communication and interpersonal relations; observation, charting and reporting; safety and infection control; anatomy and physiology; personal care, nutrition and patient feeding; death and dying. May include laboratory or clinical hours. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 9 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000582"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13746",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/nur27",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/nur27.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000433",
    "code": "PHI100",
    "title": "Introduction to Philosophy",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents an introduction to philosophical problems and perspectives with emphasis on the systematic questioning of basic assumptions about meaning, knowledge, reality, and values. The assignments in the course require college-level reading fluency and coherent communication through written reports. This is a Passport Transfer course and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13772",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/phi100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/phi100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000434",
    "code": "PHI220",
    "title": "Ethics and Society",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Nursing AAS: PHI 220 is strongly encouraged and may be required by some four-year nursing programs. Students may choose from a college approved Humanities/ Fine Arts elective as an alternative to PHI 220. Provides a systematic study of representative ethical concepts and theories and discusses their application to concrete moral dilemmas and social issues and problems. This is a Passport Transfer and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000522",
      "newriver-000535",
      "newriver-000569"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13927",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/phi220",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/phi220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000435",
    "code": "PHT164",
    "title": "Introduction to Digital Photography",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces fundamental techniques of photography, including digital camera operation, postproduction, and printing. Includes technical and conceptual exercises, individual project development, and group critiques. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13775",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/pht164",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/pht164.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000436",
    "code": "PHT264",
    "title": "Digital Photography II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches theory and practice of digital photography. Emphasizes use of digital cameras in studio and on location. Teaches advanced techniques of image editing. Provides training in digital image transmission from remote locations. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13913",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/pht264",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/pht264.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000437",
    "code": "PED109",
    "title": "Yoga",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Focuses on the forms of yoga training emphasizing flexibility. Lecture 0 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13759",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ped109",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ped109.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000438",
    "code": "PED111",
    "title": "Weight Training I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Focuses on muscular strength and endurance training through individualized workout programs. Teaches appropriate use of weight training equipment. Part I of II. Lecture 0 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13760",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ped111",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ped111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000439",
    "code": "PED173",
    "title": "Rock Climbing and Rappelling",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Presents techniques and skills of climbing and rappelling with emphasis on safety, equipment, skills in knot tying, terminology and physical conditioning. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13769",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ped173",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ped173.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000440",
    "code": "PED187",
    "title": "Backpacking",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Focuses on the preparation for backpacking trip, equipment and clothing selection, personal and group safety, ecology, and physical conditioning. Includes field experience. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 4 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13770",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ped187",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ped187.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000441",
    "code": "PED188",
    "title": "Freshwater Fishing",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Teaches freshwater fishing techniques including spinning, bait casting and fly casting. Presents selection and care of equipment, fish habits, conservation, and safety. Lecture 1 hour. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13771",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ped188",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ped188.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000442",
    "code": "PHY131",
    "title": "Applied Physics I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete MTH 131 Technical Mathematics 3 credit(s) prior to enrolling in this course. Emphasizes application of topics such as statics, dynamics, mechanical properties of matter, fluid mechanics, heat, sound, optics, and atomic physics. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 2 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH131"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000519"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13777",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/phy131",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/phy131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000443",
    "code": "PHY201",
    "title": "General College Physics I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Covers classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Includes kinematics, Newton’s laws of motion, work, energy, momentum, rotational kinematics, dynamic and static equilibrium, elasticity, gravitation, fluids, simple harmonic motion, calorimetry, ideal gas law, and the laws of thermodynamics. Part I of II. This is a Passport and UCGS transfer course . Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MTH161",
      "MTH167"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13779",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/phy201",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/phy201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000444",
    "code": "PHY202",
    "title": "General College Physics II",
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    "code": "PHY241",
    "title": "University Physics I",
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      "newriver-000534"
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    "title": "University Physics II",
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      "MTH264"
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    "code": "PLS135",
    "title": "U.S. Government and Politics",
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "PNE145",
    "title": "Trends in Practical Nursing",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Covers legal aspects, organizations, and opportunities in practical nursing. Designed to assist the student in preparation for employment. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PNE162"
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      "newriver-000539"
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    "code": "PNE155",
    "title": "Body Structure and Function",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) Student must be admitted into the Practical Nursing program. Students may substitute BIO 141 and BIO 142 with a grade of C or better. Studies the structure and function of the body. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000539"
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    "code": "PNE158",
    "title": "Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Provides knowledge of the role that emotions play. Enables students to understand their own behavior as well as patient behavior. Lecture 2 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PNE162"
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      "newriver-000539"
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    "code": "PNE161",
    "title": "Nursing in Health Changes I",
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    "description": "6 credit(s) Student must be admitted into the Practical Nursing program. Focuses on nursing situations and procedures necessary to assist individuals in meeting special needs related to human functions. Lecture 4 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 10 hours per week.",
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    "code": "PNE163",
    "title": "Nursing in Health Changes III",
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    "title": "Pharmacology for Practical Nurses",
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    "description": "2 credit(s) Student must be admitted into the Practical Nursing program. Studies history, classification, sources, effects, uses and legalities of drugs. Teaches problem solving skills used in medication administrations. Emphasizes major drug classes and specific agents within each class. Lecture 2 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000539"
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    "code": "PNE290",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship in Practical Nursing",
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    "description": "1 credit(s) Supervises on-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. Lab 3 hours per week.",
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    "code": "PSY200",
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    "description": "3 credit(s) ADJ students: students should consult with their faculty advisor for appropriate course based on transfer and career plans. Surveys the basic concepts of psychology. Covers the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, research methods, biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, developmental psychology, learning, memory, thinking, intelligence, personality, social psychology, and psychological disorders and treatment. The assignments in the course require college-level reading fluency and coherent communication through written reports. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
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      "newriver-000538"
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    "code": "PSY215",
    "title": "Psychopathology",
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    "prerequisites": [
      "PSY200"
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    "code": "PSY216",
    "title": "Social Psychology",
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    "hours": null,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "PSY200"
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    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516"
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    "code": "PSY230",
    "title": "Developmental Psychology",
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    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students should determine requirement of 4-year transfer institution prior to selection. Traces development in context from pre-conception to death, including the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains. Examines methods of scientific inquiry as they apply to lifespan development. Addresses the interrelatedness of developmental domains, as well as the interdependent influences of environment and biology. Students majoring in or considering a major in Psychology should complete PSY 200 prior to PSY 230. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PSY200"
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      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000522",
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      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000539",
      "newriver-000564",
      "newriver-000569",
      "newriver-000582"
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    "id": "newriver-000462",
    "code": "REA100",
    "title": "Principles of Real Estate",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Examines practical applications of real estate principles. Includes the study of titles, estates, land descriptions, contracts, legal instruments, financing, and management of real estate. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13803",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/rea100",
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    "id": "newriver-000463",
    "code": "RVH130",
    "title": "Motorcycle Rider Safety - Beginner",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1- 2 credit(s) Studies principles and basic skills of motorcycle riding with an emphasis on safety. Includes street strategies, protective gear, and selection and care/maintenance of motorcycles. Lecture 1-2 hours. Laboratory 0-2 hours. Total 2-3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13811",
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    "id": "newriver-000464",
    "code": "REL200",
    "title": "Survey of the Old Testament",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys books of the Old Testament, with emphasis on prophetic historical books. Examines the historical and geographical setting and place of the Israelites in the ancient Middle East as background to the writings. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13805",
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    "id": "newriver-000465",
    "code": "REL210",
    "title": "Survey of the New Testament",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Surveys books of the New Testament, with special attention upon placing the writings within their historical and geographical setting. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13806",
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    "id": "newriver-000466",
    "code": "REL230",
    "title": "Religions of the World",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the major religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Focuses on origins, history, basic beliefs, values, ethics, and practices. This is a Passport Transfer course and UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13807",
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    "id": "newriver-000467",
    "code": "REL246",
    "title": "Christianity",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the origins and historical development of Christianity, its basic metaphysical and theological assumptions, its essential doctrines, and the present state of the church in the modern world. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13808",
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    "code": "RUS101",
    "title": "Beginning Russian I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13809",
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    "id": "newriver-000469",
    "code": "RUS102",
    "title": "Beginning Russian II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Develops the understanding, speaking, reading, and writing of Russian, and emphasizes the structure of the language. May include oral drill and practice. Part II of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RUS101"
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    "id": "newriver-000470",
    "code": "SAF126",
    "title": "Principles of Industrial Safety",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: OSHA 30 Card Teaches principles and practices of accident prevention, analysis of accident causes, mechanical safeguards, fire prevention, housekeeping, occupational diseases, first aid, safety organization, protection equipment and general safety principles and promotion. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000547",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000549",
      "newriver-000553",
      "newriver-000562",
      "newriver-000563",
      "newriver-000571",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000578",
      "newriver-000585",
      "newriver-000587",
      "newriver-000589",
      "newriver-000592"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13812",
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    "id": "newriver-000471",
    "code": "SAF199",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Safety",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13813",
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    "id": "newriver-000472",
    "code": "SCT198",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Science Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment course only. May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13814",
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    "id": "newriver-000473",
    "code": "SCT298",
    "title": "Seminar and Project in Science Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment course only. May be repeated for credit. Requires completion of a project or research report related to the student’s occupational",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13815",
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    "id": "newriver-000474",
    "code": "SOC200",
    "title": "Introduction to Sociology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) This is a Radford University (RU) Citizen Leader (CL)-designated course. The Citizen Leader Program requires students to successfully complete 6 credits of CL-designated coursework. Students enrolled in this course are completing part of the requirements to achieve Citizen Leader Distinction upon graduation from RU. Introduces the fundamental concepts and principles of sociology with attention to sociological theory, research methods, and the impact of social inequality. Examines a variety of topics such as culture, race, social class, gender, major social institutions and their role in contemporary society, and the processes of social change. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000535",
      "newriver-000538"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13818",
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000475",
    "code": "SOC211",
    "title": "Cultural Anthropology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Examines the origins, development, research, diversification and evolution of human cultures. Includes exposure to the variability of both Western and Non-Western aspects of culture. Provides an introduction to the nature of culture and its relationship to various social institutions and societies. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13966",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/soc211",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/soc211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000476",
    "code": "SOC215",
    "title": "Sociology of the Family",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete SOC 200 prior to enrolling in this course. Introduces tools to study family life through the sociological lens. Explores a variety of topics including various familial forms, divorce, and domestic violence. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000538"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13819",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/soc215",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/soc215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000477",
    "code": "SOC266",
    "title": "Race and Ethnicity",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Considers race and ethnicity as social constructs that deeply affect personal experience and social institutions. Examines the relationships of racial and ethnic groups with each other and with larger society including ideas of racial inequality both individually and systemically. Introduces significant theoretical approaches to the study of race and ethnicity. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000516"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13820",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/soc266",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/soc266.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000478",
    "code": "SOC268",
    "title": "Social Problems",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces the fundamental concepts underlying social problems construction with attention to how these problems are defined, understood and arbitrated. Examines a variety of topics such as researching social problems and policymaking. This is a Passport Transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000524"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13821",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/soc268",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/soc268.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000479",
    "code": "SPA101",
    "title": "Beginning Spanish I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, and emphasizes basic sentence structure. Part I of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13822",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/spa101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/spa101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000480",
    "code": "SPA102",
    "title": "Beginning Spanish II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills and emphasizes basic sentence structure. Part II of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SPA101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13823",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/spa102",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/spa102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000481",
    "code": "SPA201",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Only Continues to develop cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, and introduces complex sentence structures. Classes may be conducted in target language. Part I of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours per week. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SPA102"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14132",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/spa201",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/spa201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000482",
    "code": "SPA202",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Only Continues to develop cultural awareness, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, and emphasizes complex sentence structures. Classes may be conducted in the target language. Part II of II. This is a UCGS transfer course. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SPA201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14133",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/spa202",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/spa202.md"
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  {
    "id": "newriver-000483",
    "code": "SDV100",
    "title": "College Success Skills",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Strongly recommended for beginning students. Required for graduation. Assists students in transition to colleges. Provides overviews of college policies, procedures, curricular offerings. Encourages contacts with other students and staff. Assists students toward college success through information regarding effective study habits, career and academic planning, and other college resources available to students. May include English and math placement testing. Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000508",
      "newriver-000509",
      "newriver-000510",
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000512",
      "newriver-000513",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000516",
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000519",
      "newriver-000520",
      "newriver-000521",
      "newriver-000522",
      "newriver-000523",
      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000525",
      "newriver-000526",
      "newriver-000527",
      "newriver-000528",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000530",
      "newriver-000531",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000533",
      "newriver-000534",
      "newriver-000535",
      "newriver-000536",
      "newriver-000537",
      "newriver-000538",
      "newriver-000539",
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000544",
      "newriver-000546",
      "newriver-000553",
      "newriver-000560",
      "newriver-000561",
      "newriver-000562",
      "newriver-000569",
      "newriver-000591"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13816",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000484",
    "code": "SDV101",
    "title": "Orientation to Computer Science and Information Technology",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Introduces students to the skills which are necessary to achieve their academic goals, to services at the college and to the discipline in which they are enrolled. Covers topics such as services at the college including the learning resources center; counseling, and advising; listening, test taking, and study skills; and topical areas which are applicable to their particular discipline.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000522",
      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000539",
      "newriver-000544",
      "newriver-000559",
      "newriver-000569",
      "newriver-000582"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14084",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000485",
    "code": "SDV101",
    "title": "Orientation to Health Sciences",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) If a student has successfully completed SDV 100 , SDV 101 is not required. Introduces students to the skills which are necessary to achieve their academic goals, to services at the college and to the discipline in which they are enrolled. Covers topics such as services at the college including the learning resources center; counseling, and advising; listening, test taking, and study skills; and topical areas which are applicable to their particular discipline (nursing). Lecture 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000522",
      "newriver-000524",
      "newriver-000529",
      "newriver-000532",
      "newriver-000539",
      "newriver-000544",
      "newriver-000559",
      "newriver-000569",
      "newriver-000582"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13926",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv101",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000486",
    "code": "SDV104",
    "title": "Study Skills",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Assists students in planning strategies to overcome nonproductive study habits and in implementing positive study behaviors. Includes management, memory improvement, note taking, and test taking. Lecture 1-3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13817",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv104",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000487",
    "code": "SDV106",
    "title": "Preparation for Employment",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Provides experience in resume writing, preparation of applications, letters of application, and successfully preparing for and completing the job interview. Assists students in identifying their marketable skills and aptitudes. Develops strategies for successful employment search. Assists students in understanding effective human relations techniques and communication skills in job search. Lecture 1 hour per week. Total 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000517",
      "newriver-000518",
      "newriver-000559"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14086",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv106",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000488",
    "code": "SDV107",
    "title": "Career Education",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1 credit(s) Dual Enrollment Only. Surveys career options available to students. Stresses career development and assists in the understanding of self in the world of work. Assists students in applying decision-making to career choice. Lecture 1 hour. Total 1 hour per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13984",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv107",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/sdv107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000489",
    "code": "TRV100",
    "title": "Introduction to the Travel Industry",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Presents an overview of the structure and scope of the travel industry with emphasis on job categories and functions, basic vocabulary, and the interrelationships of the various components. Includes the study of information displays of airline computer reservation system. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14127",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/trv100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/trv100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000490",
    "code": "UMS107",
    "title": "Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) Remote Pilot Ground School",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Industry Credential Opportunity: FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate Presents the aeronautical knowledge required for FAA approved commercial operations as a Remote Pilot with small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) rating. Covers the regulations applicable to small UAS operations, loading and performance, emergency procedures, crew resource management, determining the performance of the small unmanned aircraft, and maintenance/inspection procedures. Prepares students for the FAA written examination required to obtain the Remote Pilot certificate. Lecture 3 hours. Total 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000511",
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000515",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000565",
      "newriver-000567",
      "newriver-000593"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13912",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ums107",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ums107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000491",
    "code": "UMS177",
    "title": "Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) Components and Maintenance",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides an introduction to the basic equipment and techniques used in maintaining, repairing, and upgrading sUAS to assure airworthiness and proper operation of the other components. Emphasizes safe practices in repair and handling of components and develops fundamental skills in troubleshooting/repair of the circuits, subsystems and components typically found in the complete sUAS. Covers payload sensor mounting, power management and security threat management. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000514",
      "newriver-000548",
      "newriver-000593"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13957",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/ums177",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/ums177.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000492",
    "code": "WEL100",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Welding",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Introduces arc and oxyfuel welding and cutting. Provides fundamental principles of joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals, welding and cutting processes, equipment operation, and safety procedures with emphasis upon welding and cutting procedures. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 5 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000547",
      "newriver-000568",
      "newriver-000572",
      "newriver-000575",
      "newriver-000594"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13824",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel100",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000493",
    "code": "WEL123",
    "title": "Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Basic)",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Teaches operation of AC and DC power sources, welding polarities, heats and electrodes for use in joining various metal alloys by the arc welding process. Deals with running beads, butt, and fillet welds in all positions. Emphasizes safety procedures. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000547",
      "newriver-000568"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13825",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel123",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel123.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000494",
    "code": "WEL124",
    "title": "Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Advanced)",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Continues instruction on operation of AC and DC power sources, welding polarities, heats and electrodes for use in joining various metal alloys by the arc welding process. Deals with running beads, butt, and fillet welds in all positions. Emphasizes safety procedures. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000547"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13826",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel124",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel124.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000495",
    "code": "WEL126",
    "title": "Pipe Welding I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Teaches metal arc welding processes including the welding of pressure piping in the horizontal, vertical, and horizontal-fixed positions in accordance with section IX of the ASME code. Lecture 3 hours. Laboratory 3 hours. Total 6 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000547"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14014",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel126",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000496",
    "code": "WEL127",
    "title": "Pipe Welding II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Provides practice in the welding of pressure piping in the horizontal, vertical, and fixed positions. 3 credits Laboratory 9 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000547"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=14335",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel127",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000497",
    "code": "WEL130",
    "title": "Inert Gas Welding",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces practical operations in the uses of inert-gas-shield arc welding. Discusses equipment, safety operations, welding practice in the various and applications, manual and semi-automatic welding. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000547",
      "newriver-000568"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13827",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel130",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000498",
    "code": "WEL141",
    "title": "Welder Qualification Tests I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) This option is for students in pursuit of higher-level welding qualifications such as pipe welding. Studies techniques and practices of testing welded joints through destructive and non-destructive testing. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WEL123",
      "WEL160",
      "WEL142"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13828",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel141",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel141.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000499",
    "code": "WEL142",
    "title": "Welder Qualification Tests II",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WEL123",
      "WEL160"
    ],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13829",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel142",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel142.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000500",
    "code": "WEL145",
    "title": "Welding Metallurgy",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Students are strongly encouraged to complete WEL 123 prior to enrolling in this course. Studies steel classifications, heat treatment procedures, properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Discusses techniques and practices of testing welded joints and destructive/ nondestructive, visual magnetic and fluorescent testing. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13830",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel145",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel145.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000501",
    "code": "WEL150",
    "title": "Welding Drawing and Interpretation",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "3 credit(s) Teaches fundamentals required for successful drafting as applied to the welding industry. Includes blueprint reading, geometric principles of drafting and freehand sketching, basic principles of orthographic projection, preparation of drawings and interpretation of symbols. Lecture 3 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000568"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13831",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel150",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000502",
    "code": "WEL160",
    "title": "Gas Metal Arc Welding",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "4 credit(s) Introduces semi-automatic welding processes with emphasis on practical application. Includes the study of filler wires, fluxes, and gases. Lecture 2 hours. Laboratory 6 hours. Total 8 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000541",
      "newriver-000547",
      "newriver-000568",
      "newriver-000594"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13832",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel160",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000503",
    "code": "WEL190",
    "title": "Coordinated Internship",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) Supervises on-the-job training in selected business, industrial or service firms coordinated by the college. Credit/practice ratio not to exceed 1:5 hours. May be repeated for credit. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13965",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel190",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel190.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000504",
    "code": "WEL199",
    "title": "Supervised Study in Welding",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "1-5 credit(s) May be repeated for credit. Assigns problems for independent study incorporating previous instruction and supervised by the instructor. Variable hours.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.nr.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=42&coid=13833",
    "canonical_url": "/newriver/courses/wel199",
    "markdown_url": "/newriver/courses/wel199.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "newriver-000505",
    "code": "WEL241",
    "title": "Robotic Welding I",
    "credits": null,
    "hours": null,
    "description": "2 credit(s) Summer course only. Students must co-enroll in WEL 241 and WEL 242. Examines safety, setup, programming, and operation of a welding robot. Covers variables and problems in addition to solutions applied to provide a practical and efficient application of the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process to an automated system. (Part I of II) Lecture 1 hour, Laboratory 3 hours. Total 4 hours per week.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "newriver-000594"
    ],
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